Di cuss the role of political parties to maintain peace.
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Executive summary
By Clare Castillejo
Political parties and peacebuilding
International peacebuilding actors have so far been wary of engagement with political parties. However,
there is growing recognition of the importance of working with local political systems, institutions and
parties in the promotion of peace. It is therefore important that international actors strengthen their
understanding of political parties in conflict-affected contexts and how such parties relate to conflict and
peacebuilding, as well as examine how best to deepen engagement with them.
This report examines the nature of political parties in conflict-affected contexts and the challenges such
parties face in becoming effective actors for peace. It analyses three cases – Sri Lanka, Nepal and
Myanmar – where parties have played very different roles in relation to both the grievances and struggles
that have fuelled conflict, and efforts to build and sustain peace. It then discusses how lessons from these
cases can inform the work of international peacebuilding actors.
Finally, the report examines the track record of the international community in working with political
parties in conflict-affected contexts. It argues that international actors must move beyond “blueprint”
approaches to party support and instead develop more comprehensive and context-relevant responses to
the specific challenges that such parties face.
There is growing awareness among international peace-
building and statebuilding actors of the importance of
engaging more effectively with political processes and
structures in conflict-affected and post-conflict states.
Although political parties are frequently at the centre of
such processes and structures, international actors have
generally been wary of working with them beyond limited
capacity-building activities, seeing this as a sensitive and
high-risk area.
Political parties can help build peace. However, they can
also fuel antagonism, grievance and conflict. If interna-
tional peacebuilding and statebuilding actors are serious
about working more effectively with local politics, it is
essential that they strengthen their understanding of
political parties and the roles they play in relation to
conflict and peacebuilding, as well as rethink how best to
engage with them.
Political parties in conflict-affected and
post-conflict contexts
Political parties can play an important role in brokering an
end to conflict, mediating bargaining over the nature of the
political settlement and shaping the post-conflict state.
Indeed, parties are unique among political institutions in
their potential to give political expression to grievances
that may otherwise be expressed through violence and to
aggregate and articulate the interests of citizens during
both peace negotiations and transition processes, as well
as more broadly in post-conflict political governance and
statebuilding. However, in practice political parties fre-
quently do not play such a positive role and in some
contexts actively undermine peace. Such failure is due both
to constraints imposed by the broader political and institu-
tional context and to the intern
Answer:
A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.
Parties tend to be deeply and durably entrenched in specific substructures of society in a sustainable and well functioning democracy. They can link the governmental institutions to the elements of the civil society in a free and fair society and are regarded as necessary for the functioning any modern democratic political system.
Political parties perform key tasks in a democratic society, such as
Soliciting and articulating public policy priorities and civic needs and problems as identified by members and supporters
socialising and educating voters and citizens in the functioning of the political and electoral system and the generation of general political values
balancing opposing demands and converting them into general policies
Activating and mobilising citizens into participating in political decisions and transforming their opinions into viable policy options
Channelling public opinion from citizens to government
Recruiting and training candidates for public office
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