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The overall objective of this study is to improve the application of ecological evaluation within EIAs. In particular, the study focuses on one specific target of ecological evaluations, i.e., biodiversity conservation, and on one specific type of projects, i.e., road developments. To satisfy this overall objective a number of steps are proposed. Each step has its own objective. The steps and their objectives are: 1. The description of the role played by ecological evaluation within the procedure of EIA. The objective of this step is to highlight the key-issues that need to be addressed by research in the field of ecological evaluation applied to EIA, framing the context from which this study takes the move (Chapter 2); 2. The identification of the specific research topic, that is Biodiversity Impact Assessment (BIA) of road projects, and the review of the relevant literature. The objective of this step is, on the one hand, to provide the rationale for the research topic and, on the other hand, to highlight the main limitations that affect its current applications (Chapter 3); 3. The development of a methodological approach for BIA of road projects, and in particular for three procedural stages: the baseline study, the impact prediction, and the impact assessment. The objective of this step is to provide solutions to the limitations that emerged during the literature review (Chapter 4); 4. The application of the proposed approach to a case study. The case study is represented by an infrastructure development within an alpine valley located in northern Italy: the Trento-Rocchetta road project. The objective of this step is to test the applicability of the proposed approach and to discuss issues related to its operationalisation (Chapters 5-8). The approach proposed in this research does not aim at providing comprehensive guidance to perform BIA of road projects. Its purpose is rather to establish and discuss a basic framework that can help in making a sound BIA as routinely undertaken within EIA as other forms of impact assessment, such as noise or air pollution. For this reason, the research develops and discusses a complete case study, from the data collection and processing, to the impact assessment and the final recommendations. Being EIA a procedure regulated by law and managed by the competent Public Administration, it is crucial for research in EIA to get first-hand impressions of the problems affecting such contexts, so as to produce results that can find actual application. This book addresses the application of ecological evaluation to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). After reviewing the most critical and unsolved issues related to this topic, the author proposes an improved methodological approach targeted at one specific objective of ecological evaluation, i.e., biodiversity conservation, and at one specific type of projects, i.e., linear infrastructures, and roads in particular. A case study in northern Italy is used to test the applicability of the approach in a real context. The overall objective of the book is to improve the consideration of ecological issues within EIA, so as to strengthen their influence on the decision-making for new developments.
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