Diagnostic characters of kingdom monera
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Kingdom Monera - All the organisms of this kingdom are prokaryotes. Complex structure was the basis of classification of organisms, many centuries ago. According to R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification all the bacteria were placed under the Kingdom Monera.
Monera are considered as the most primitive group of organisms. They include various types of bacteria and blue-green algae.
Monerans are most abundant of all organisms, due to their versatility of their habitat.It is estimated that a single drop of water contains 50 billion bacteria.
Kingdom Monera Characteristics
General characteristics of the kingdom Monera are as follows:
They are primitive organisms.
All organisms of the kingdom are prokaryotes.
They are present in both living and non-living environment.
They can survive in harsh and extreme climatic conditions like in hot springs, acidic soils etc.
They are unicellular organisms.
Membrane bound nucleus is absent.
DNA is in double stranded form, suspended in the cytoplasm of the organism,referred as nucleoid.
A rigid cell wall is present.
Membrane bound cellular organelles like mitochondria are absent.
Habitat - Monerans are found everywhere in hot springs, under ice, in deep ocean floor, in deserts and on or inside the body of plants and animals.
Nutrition - autotrophs - can prepare their own food, heterotrophs - depend on others for food, saprophytes - feed on dead and decaying matter, parasitic - live on other host cells for survival and cause, symbiotic - in mutual relation with other organisms, commensalism - it is where one organism is benefited and the other is not affected, mutualism - where both the organisms are benefited.
Respiration - respiration in these organisms vary, they may be obligate aerobes - the organisms must have organisms for survival; obligate anaerobes - the organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen; facultative anaerobes - these organisms can survive with or without oxygen.
Circulation - is through diffusion.
Movement - is with the help of flagella.
Reproduction is mostly asexual, sexual reproduction is also seen. Asexual reproduction is by binary fission, sexual reproduction is by conjugation, transformation and transduction.
Classification of Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Monera has been classified into two groups - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archaebacteria are microbes that live in extreme and harsh conditions, they are known as extremophiles. These bacteria lack cell wall, their cell membrane is made up of different lipids, and their ribosomes are similar to that of eukaryotes.
Archaebacteria are of three major groups of bacteria based on their habitat i.e., thermophiles, halophiles and methanogens.
Some extremophiles live in boiling water like geysers of Yellowstone National Park and and in volcanoes. These are known as 'thermophiles'.
Some extremophiles live in extremely salty water, the salt loving bacteria are known as 'halophiles'.
Some bacteria are present in the guts of ruminants and are responsible for production of methane gas from their dung. These bacteria are known as 'methanogens'.
Eubacteria are true bacteria. The characteristic feature is the presence of rigid cell wall and if present a motile flagelllum that aids in locomotion.These organisms are characterized based on their nutrition and their shapes.
Monera are considered as the most primitive group of organisms. They include various types of bacteria and blue-green algae.
Monerans are most abundant of all organisms, due to their versatility of their habitat.It is estimated that a single drop of water contains 50 billion bacteria.
Kingdom Monera Characteristics
General characteristics of the kingdom Monera are as follows:
They are primitive organisms.
All organisms of the kingdom are prokaryotes.
They are present in both living and non-living environment.
They can survive in harsh and extreme climatic conditions like in hot springs, acidic soils etc.
They are unicellular organisms.
Membrane bound nucleus is absent.
DNA is in double stranded form, suspended in the cytoplasm of the organism,referred as nucleoid.
A rigid cell wall is present.
Membrane bound cellular organelles like mitochondria are absent.
Habitat - Monerans are found everywhere in hot springs, under ice, in deep ocean floor, in deserts and on or inside the body of plants and animals.
Nutrition - autotrophs - can prepare their own food, heterotrophs - depend on others for food, saprophytes - feed on dead and decaying matter, parasitic - live on other host cells for survival and cause, symbiotic - in mutual relation with other organisms, commensalism - it is where one organism is benefited and the other is not affected, mutualism - where both the organisms are benefited.
Respiration - respiration in these organisms vary, they may be obligate aerobes - the organisms must have organisms for survival; obligate anaerobes - the organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen; facultative anaerobes - these organisms can survive with or without oxygen.
Circulation - is through diffusion.
Movement - is with the help of flagella.
Reproduction is mostly asexual, sexual reproduction is also seen. Asexual reproduction is by binary fission, sexual reproduction is by conjugation, transformation and transduction.
Classification of Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Monera has been classified into two groups - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archaebacteria are microbes that live in extreme and harsh conditions, they are known as extremophiles. These bacteria lack cell wall, their cell membrane is made up of different lipids, and their ribosomes are similar to that of eukaryotes.
Archaebacteria are of three major groups of bacteria based on their habitat i.e., thermophiles, halophiles and methanogens.
Some extremophiles live in boiling water like geysers of Yellowstone National Park and and in volcanoes. These are known as 'thermophiles'.
Some extremophiles live in extremely salty water, the salt loving bacteria are known as 'halophiles'.
Some bacteria are present in the guts of ruminants and are responsible for production of methane gas from their dung. These bacteria are known as 'methanogens'.
Eubacteria are true bacteria. The characteristic feature is the presence of rigid cell wall and if present a motile flagelllum that aids in locomotion.These organisms are characterized based on their nutrition and their shapes.
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✏✏HEYA MATE
CHARACTERS OF KINGDOM MONERA ARE :
- THEY CONSIST OF ALL PROKARYOTES
- THEY REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION.
- CONSIST UP OF ALL BACTERIA
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