Diagram for seperation depends on size weight and state of a substance..
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Answer:
Explanation:
Formation of Mixtures
Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more pure substances.
A physical combination means substances do not change into other substances when they became part of a mixture.
For example, when copper sulfate powder is added to water, a mixture (solution) of copper sulfate and water is created. The components look different, but no new substance is created.
formation of a mixture
The formation of a mixture is a physical process.
Separation of Mixtures
Since they are formed by physically combining substances, mixtures can be physically separated.
For example, if a copper sulfate solution is boiled, the water evaporates away and the copper sulfate powder remains.
separation of a mixture
The formation of a mixture is a physically reversible process.
Separation Techniques
There are many different techniques for separating mixtures into their components.
The most appropriate technique depends on the type of mixture and the physical properties of the components.
It also depends on whether you want to retrieve all of the components or not.
For example, if we had a solution of salt water, the most appropriate separation technique would depend on whether we wanted to recover both the salt and water, or just the salt.
Physical Properties of Mixture Components
Separation techniques take advantage of differing physical properties of the components of a mixture.
For example, by evaporating the water from a copper sulfate solution, we are taking advantage of the fact that water has a lower boiling point than copper sulfate. In fact, water boils long before copper sulfate even melts.
However, if we heated a solution of ethanol and water, the ethanol would boil and evaporate before the water, as ethanol has a lower boiling point than water.
We would therefore need to use a different separation technique to remove water from an ethanol-water solution.
melting boiling point distillation
Each pure substance within a mixture has its own specific melting and boiling point.
There are other physical properties of components, besides melting and boiling point, that can be utilised when separating mixtures, including:
• Size
• Solubility
• Density
• Magnetism and other forms of attraction
scrap yard recycling mining pit extraction oil spill clean up
What are some differences in physical properties that could be used to separate these mixtures?
Separating Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures
Separation techniques can generally be divided into those that involve the separation of heterogeneous mixtures and those that involve the separation of homogeneous mixtures.
Some of the main separation techniques are shown in the table below.
Techniques for Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures Techniques for Separating Homogeneous Mixtures
Decanting Evaporation
Sieving Distillation
Filtration Chromatography
Separating funnel
Centrifugation
Magnetic separation
Decanting
Decanting involves separating a dense, insoluble substance from a heterogeneous mixture.
For example, if we mixed sand with water in a beaker, the sand would not dissolve, but would settle to the bottom, forming a sediment layer.
By gently pouring off the water (the supernatant), we could separate the sand from it.
In the laboratory, using a glass rod can assist the decanting process, as it minimises the amount of splashing and reduces the risk of pouring off some of the sediment.
Decanting is only a useful method if the solid particles readily settle to the bottom.
It would not be useful, for example, in separating fine silt particles from water, as they often remain suspended in the water.
decanting labelled scientific laboratory diagram
The technique for decanting in the laboratory
gold panning decanting
Gold panning utilises the principle of decanting; the heavier gold particles sink to the bottom of the pan, while the lighter sand and silt particles are poured off with the water.