did official implement policy ?
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Answer:
Formatting and implementing policies are different issues in theoretical and practical terms. The implementation might be a complicated process because it concern with political, financial and administrative issues, and it requires motivation, proper lobbying, and technical, professional and administrative support.
Policies are written statements of ideas, goals and plans of action, proposed or adopted by some agencies Menou (1991, p.50)
Public policymaking is often viewed as a conveyor belt which issues are first recognize as a problem, alternative courses of action are considered, and policies are adopted, implemented by agency personnel, evaluated, changed and finally on the basis of their success.
Briefly all this process or activities that occur in public policymaking are the stages of policy cycle which illustrate the life of each policy.
Starting from setting the agenda until evaluating the policy than edit it or terminate it by giving an alternative policy which will replace it and pass all the process, each policy must overtake this process that is called policy life cycle.
POLICY BY GOVERNMENT
ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ 50,000 ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠᴀɴᴛs ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ, sᴇʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴜɢʜᴇsᴛ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀʟᴅ. ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ-ᴀғғɪʟɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄʏ ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ɪɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇsᴇʀᴠᴇ ʙᴀɴᴋ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛ ɪɴᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴊᴏʙ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs. ɪɴ 2015–16 ᴀs ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴀs 450,000 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀɴᴛs ᴅᴇᴄɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏɴʟʏ 1000 ᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴏᴜᴛ sᴜᴄᴄᴇssғᴜʟ. ᴛʜᴀᴛ’s ᴀɴ ᴀsᴛᴏɴɪsʜɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ 0.22%. ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴇᴅ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs ᴜɴᴅᴇʀɢᴏ ᴀ ᴛᴡᴏ-ʏᴇᴀʀ ᴛʀᴀɪɴɪɴɢ, ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴘʀᴏғᴇssɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴜʀsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʟ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴍᴏᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ.
ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ 50,000 ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠᴀɴᴛs ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ, sᴇʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴜɢʜᴇsᴛ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀʟᴅ. ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ-ᴀғғɪʟɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄʏ ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ɪɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇsᴇʀᴠᴇ ʙᴀɴᴋ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛ ɪɴᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴊᴏʙ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs. ɪɴ 2015–16 ᴀs ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴀs 450,000 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀɴᴛs ᴅᴇᴄɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏɴʟʏ 1000 ᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴏᴜᴛ sᴜᴄᴄᴇssғᴜʟ. ᴛʜᴀᴛ’s ᴀɴ ᴀsᴛᴏɴɪsʜɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ 0.22%. ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴇᴅ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs ᴜɴᴅᴇʀɢᴏ ᴀ ᴛᴡᴏ-ʏᴇᴀʀ ᴛʀᴀɪɴɪɴɢ, ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴘʀᴏғᴇssɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴜʀsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʟ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴍᴏᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ.ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ғʀᴀɢᴍᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴜʙɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴘʀᴇsᴛɪɢɪᴏᴜs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs (ɪᴀs). ᴍɪʟᴀɴ ᴠᴀɪsʜɴᴀᴠ ᴀɴᴅ sᴀᴋsʜᴀᴍ ᴋʜᴏsʟᴀ ᴏғ ᴄᴀʀɴᴇɢɪᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴠᴀʟᴜᴀʙʟᴇ ғɪɴᴅɪɴɢs ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ɪɴ ᴀ ʀᴇᴄᴇɴᴛʟʏ ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴇᴀʀᴄʜ ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ.
ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ 50,000 ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠᴀɴᴛs ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ, sᴇʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴜɢʜᴇsᴛ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀʟᴅ. ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ-ᴀғғɪʟɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄʏ ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ɪɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇsᴇʀᴠᴇ ʙᴀɴᴋ ᴏғ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛ ɪɴᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴊᴏʙ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs. ɪɴ 2015–16 ᴀs ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴀs 450,000 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀɴᴛs ᴅᴇᴄɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ᴇxᴀᴍɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏɴʟʏ 1000 ᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴏᴜᴛ sᴜᴄᴄᴇssғᴜʟ. ᴛʜᴀᴛ’s ᴀɴ ᴀsᴛᴏɴɪsʜɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ 0.22%. ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴇᴅ ᴄᴀɴᴅɪᴅᴀᴛᴇs ᴜɴᴅᴇʀɢᴏ ᴀ ᴛᴡᴏ-ʏᴇᴀʀ ᴛʀᴀɪɴɪɴɢ, ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴘʀᴏғᴇssɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴜʀsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʟ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴍᴏᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ.ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ғʀᴀɢᴍᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴜʙɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴘʀᴇsᴛɪɢɪᴏᴜs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs (ɪᴀs). ᴍɪʟᴀɴ ᴠᴀɪsʜɴᴀᴠ ᴀɴᴅ sᴀᴋsʜᴀᴍ ᴋʜᴏsʟᴀ ᴏғ ᴄᴀʀɴᴇɢɪᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ sᴏᴍᴇ ᴠᴀʟᴜᴀʙʟᴇ ғɪɴᴅɪɴɢs ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs ɪɴ ᴀ ʀᴇᴄᴇɴᴛʟʏ ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴇᴀʀᴄʜ ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ.ᴛʜᴇʏ ғɪɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴏғғɪᴄᴇʀs sᴇʀᴠɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʜᴏᴍᴇ-sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴜsᴜᴀʟʟʏ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅᴇ ʙᴇᴛᴛᴇʀ ǫᴜᴀʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇ ᴅᴇʟɪᴠᴇʀʏ. ʟᴏᴄᴀʟ ᴀᴄᴄᴏᴜɴᴛᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ sʏsᴛᴇᴍs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀ sᴄʀᴜᴛɪɴʏ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛʟʏ ʀᴇᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴏғ ᴄᴏʀʀᴜᴘᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜ ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ɪᴍᴘᴇᴅɪᴍᴇɴᴛ. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴀ 53% ᴄʜᴀɴᴄᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴀɴ ɪᴀs ᴏғғɪᴄᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀɴʏ ɢɪᴠᴇɴ ʏᴇᴀʀ. ᴛʜᴜs, ғᴏʀ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴏғғɪᴄᴇʀs ɢᴏᴏᴅ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴛᴀᴋᴇs ᴀ ʙᴀᴄᴋsᴇᴀᴛ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ʙᴀᴄᴋsᴄʀᴀᴛᴄʜɪɴɢ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ᴏᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ғᴏʀ ʏᴏᴜɴɢ ɪᴀs ᴏғғɪᴄᴇʀs ᴇᴅᴜᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇxᴀᴍ sᴄᴏʀᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʜɪɢʜʟʏ ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ғᴜᴛᴜʀᴇ sᴜᴄᴄᴇss
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