diff between simple distillation and fractional distillation
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Simple distillation
Simple distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture having large differences (more than 25°C).
No fractionating columns used as the difference in the boiling point of mixture is large.
E.g. Process used in separating kerosene and petrol
Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, usually within 77°F (25°C).
Fractionating columns used to separate the mixtures.
E.g. Process used in the separation of Crude Oil into useful fractions
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1, Simple distillation is the method used to separate substances in mixtures with significantly different boiling points, while fractional distillation is used for mixtures containing chemicals with boiling points close to each other.
2. Simple distillation will only have one distillation (vaporization-condensation) cycle in the whole process, while the fractional cycle will have at least two cycles.
3. Fractional distillation will use additional equipment called the ‘fractionating column’, while the simple distillation will not need that equipment.
4. Simple distillation is often used to separate the liquid substance from the solid substance. Doing such separation with fractional distillation is not sensible.
2. Simple distillation will only have one distillation (vaporization-condensation) cycle in the whole process, while the fractional cycle will have at least two cycles.
3. Fractional distillation will use additional equipment called the ‘fractionating column’, while the simple distillation will not need that equipment.
4. Simple distillation is often used to separate the liquid substance from the solid substance. Doing such separation with fractional distillation is not sensible.
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