differantiate between active and passive support in mining
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It distinguishes between 'rock reinforcement' or 'active support', where the supporting elements are an integral part of the reinforced rock mass, and 'rock support' or 'passive support', where the supporting members are external to the rock and respond to inward movement of the rock surrounding an excavation.
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For example, active support forces a load onto the rock surface in order to support broken rockmass and ensure its stability. ... It develops its load as the rock deforms. Examples of passive support types are: untensioned rockbolts, meshes and screens, reinforcing bars, shotcrete, timbered sets and steel arches.
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