Question

difference b/w active and passive voice and direct & indirect speech

Answer 1

There are two special forms for verbs called voice:

Active voicePassive voice

The active voice is the “normal” voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb:

activesubjectverbobject>Catseatfish.

The passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:

passivesubjectverbobject<Fishare eatenby cats.

The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:

subjectverbobjectactiveEverybodydrinkswater.passiveWateris drunkby everybody.

Passive Voice

The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the “normal” voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:

subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form.

Look at these examples:

subjectauxiliary verb (to be)main verb (past participle)Waterisdrunkby everyone.100 peopleareemployedby this company.Iampaidin euro.Wearenotpaidin dollars.Aretheypaidin yen?

Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:

we want to make the active object more importantwe do not know the active subjectsubjectverbobjectgive importance to active object (President Kennedy)President Kennedywas killedby Lee Harvey Oswald.active subject unknownMy wallethas been stolen.?

Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).

Look at this sentence:

He was killed with a gun.

Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the “agent” or “doer”.

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:

present simple: It is madepresent continuous: It is being madepresent perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

infinitiveto be washedsimplepresentIt is washed.pastIt was washed.futureIt will be washed.conditionalIt would be washed.continuouspresentIt is being washed.pastIt was being washed.futureIt will be being washed.conditionalIt would be being washed.perfect simplepresentIt has been washed.pastIt had been washed.futureIt will have been washed.conditionalIt would have been washed.perfect continuouspresentIt has been being washed.pastIt had been being washed.futureIt will have been being washed.conditionalIt would have been being washed.......

Answer 2

Question :

• Differences between $\bold{Active}$ and $\bold{Passive}$ voice.

Answer :

• A verb is in the active voice when the person or thing denoted by the subject is "doer" of the action.
• A verb is in the passive voice when the person or thing denoted by subject is the "receiver" of the action.

Structure of active voice sentence

$\textbf{Subject+verb+object}$

Structure of passive voice sentence

$\textbf{Object+verb+by+subject}$