Question

Difference between artificial, natural and phylogentic system of classification

Answer 1

1.natural system. : a biological classification based upon morphological and anatomical relationships and affinities considered in the light of phylogeny and embryology; specifically : a system in botany other than the artificial or sexual system established by Linnaeus.
2.phylogentic classification of organisms based on their assumed evolutionary histories and relationships. Expand. Also called phyletic classification, phyletics. Origin of phylogenetic classification.
Artificial Systems:
It is considered the earliest system of classification. In artificial system, plants are classified on the basis of only one, or a very few, specially chosen characters. Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.), divided the plants on the basis of form and texture – Herbs, Shrubs, Under shrubs and Trees. He gave names and description to about 480 plants in his book ‘Historia plantarum’ which is the oldest botanical work in existence.

Answer 2

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• Total number of animal species are 1.25 millions. A lot of variations occur in their structure and function. They exhibit great diversity in structure, habitat, habits and modes of life
• So understand the interactions among highly diversified animal group a Systematic classification is needed which is biological classification
• Father of taxonomy, founder of modern systematics was Carolous Linnaeus. He has introduced the system if hierarchical classification
• Numerical taxonomy and phylogentic classification both of which are natural systems of classification emerged during 19 th and 20th centuries
• Phylogentic classification is also called cladistic classification. It is an evolutionary classification and it explains how the common ancestry was scared by different animal groupsThis classification emphasize on genetic distance between all species of phylogentic tree. This tree like diagrams for phylogeny was introduced by the Earnst Hackel
• Cladistic classification considers the occur once of analogous classification by convergent evolution. Different organisms live in the same environment share these characteristics. Genetically they are distantly related ex:wings of sparrow and petagia of flying squirrels
• It is also considered as homologous characters are functionally different from the structural plan and development. It is also called as divergent evolution

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