Difference between bromage and modified bromage scale
Answers
Answer:The perfect labour analgesic technique would provide complete pain relief with no motor block. Several studies have shown that epidural techniques utilising higher concentrations of local anaesthetic are associated with an increased incidence of instrumented vaginal delivery and a longer second stage of labour. It is commonly assumed that decreased motor function associated with higher concentrations of local anaesthetics causes these adverse outcomes. In addition, patients prefer less motor block; many parturients complain if they cannot move their legs, and some find it quite distressing. Some patients want to ambulate during labour or get up to use the bathroom without assistance. Those who do so may succeed in voiding, thus avoiding placement of a urinary catheter. For these reasons, obstetric anaesthetistss have developed, and continue to refine, analgesic techniques that minimise motor block.
The most frequently used measure of motor block is the Bromage scale. In this scale, the intensity of motor block is assessed by the patient's ability to move their lower extremities. The most significant shortcoming of the Bromage score in studies of labour analgesia is that it was designed to measure differences in surgical blocks, and is somewhat irrelevant to measuring motor block due to dilute local anaesthetic solutions for labour analgesia.
When using the Bromage scale for research in labour analgesia, it is important to measure motor block intermittently throughout labour, as the degree of block will change. It is also important to measure motor block in both legs, since the block may be asymmetrical.
Several modifications of the Bromage scale have been described, including the use of more gradations of motor block. For example, Breen et al. used a six-point scale to assess motor block. The value of this modification is in the differentiation of patients in the Bromage score IV category.
Description of the Bromage score
Grade
Criteria
Degree of block
I
Free movement of legs and feet
Nil (0%)
II
Just able to flex knees with free movement of feet
Partial (33%)
III
Unable to flex knees, but with free movement of feet
Almost complete (66%)
IV
Unable to move legs or feet
Complete (100%)
Modified Bromage score as used by Breen et al
Score
Criteria
1
Complete block (unable to move feet or knees)
2
Almost complete block (able to move feet only)
3
Partial block (just able to move knees)
4
Detectable weakness of hip flexion while supine (full flexion of knees)
5
No detectable weakness of hip flexion while supine
6
Able to perform partial knee bendThe perfect labour analgesic technique would provide complete pain relief with no motor block. Several studies have shown that epidural techniques utilising higher concentrations of local anaesthetic are associated with an increased incidence of instrumented vaginal delivery and a longer second stage of labour. It is commonly assumed that decreased motor function associated with higher concentrations of local anaesthetics causes these adverse outcomes. In addition, patients prefer less motor block; many parturients complain if they cannot move their legs, and some find it quite distressing. Some patients want to ambulate during labour or get up to use the bathroom without assistance. Those who do so may succeed in voiding, thus avoiding placement of a urinary catheter. For these reasons, obstetric anaesthetistss have developed, and continue to refine, analgesic techniques that minimise motor block.
The most frequently used measure of motor block is the Bromage scale. In this scale, the intensity of motor block is assessed by the patient's ability to move their lower extremities. The most significant shortcoming of the Bromage score in studies of labour analgesia is that it was designed to measure differences in surgical blocks, and is somewhat irrelevant to measuring motor block due to dilute local anaesthetic solutions for labour analgesia.
When using the Bromage scale for research in labour analgesia, it is important to measure motor block intermittently throughout labour, as the degree of block will change. It is also important to measure motor block in both legs, since the block may be asymmetrical.
Description of the Bromage score
Grade
Criteria
Degree of block
I
Free movement of legs and feet
Nil (0%)
II
Just able to flex knees with free movement of feet
Partial (33%)
III
Unable to flex knees, but with free movement of feet
Almost complete (66%)
IV
Unable to move legs or feet
Complete (100%)
Modified Bromage score as used by Breen et al
Score
Criteria
1
Complete block (unable to move feet or knees)
2
Almost complete block (able to move feet only)
3
Partial block (just able to move knees)
4
Detectable weakness of hip flexion while supine (full flexion of knees)
5
No detectable weakness of hip flexion while supine
6
Able to perform partial knee bend
Explanation:
