Difference between dead end system and grid iron system
Answers
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There are two types of layout.
Dead end or tree system
Grid iron system
Dead end or tree system
It is the system in which each street or block is supplied separately from the main. So there is end of system at each end of the block.
Advantages
This type of system is good for a city which has been developed haphazardly.
As it required less number of valves so it is economical.
This type of system is easy to construct.
Disadvantages
This system is less desireable due to following reasons.
Large areas are cut off during repairing.
When tap is not opened for a long time, baterial growth may take place.
When tap is not operated for a long time, water may be contaminated.
Grid iron system
In grid iron system, the whole distribution system is interconnected. So the water remains in circulation and there is no contamination of water. Because water does not stand still at any point and it continues circulation.
Advantages
In this system, as the whole distribution system is interconnected, water can reach from more than one directions.
It provides better quality of water.
During its repairing lesser area is cut off.
Disadvantages
The main problem in grid iron system is that a lot of valve to cut off a small area in case of accidental hazards.
This system is difficult to design.
The network of pipes forming loops in possible only in well planned cities.
Usually the system in cities is a combination of dead end and grid iron system.
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Grid Iron System:
It is suitable for cities with rectangular layout, where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangles.
Advantages:
Water is kept in good circulation due to the absence of dead ends.
In the cases of a breakdown in some section, water is available from some other direction.
Disadvantages
Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is not possible due to provision of valves on all branches.
Dead End System:
It is suitable for old towns and cities having no definite pattern of roads.
Advantages:
Relatively cheap.
Determination of discharges and pressure easier due to less number of valves.
Disadvantages
Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water occurs in pipes.