Question

Difference between direct and indirect manipulation

Answer 1

Direct Manipulation

The term direct manipulation is given by Shneiderman (1982) as they possess the following characteristics:

i. The system is portrayed as an extension of the real world.

ii. Continuous visibility of objects and actions.

iii. Actions are rapid and incremental with visible display of results.

iv. Incremental actions are easily reversible...

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Indirect Manipulation

In practice, direct manipulation of all screen objects and actions may not be feasible because of the following:

i. The operation may be difficult to conceptualize in graphical system.

ii. The graphics capability of the system may be limited.

iii. The amount of space available for placing manipulation controls in the window border may be limited.

iv. It may be difficult for people to learn and remember all the necessary operations and actions....

Hope it helps u mate

Answer 2

Difference between direct and indirect manipulation:-

• Both are required. However, direct manipulation ought to be used far more than it presently is. Whenever I inspect UI styles from different designers, i'm stricken by the superfluity of indirect manipulation cases. Here is Associate in Nursing example to clarify.

• Case: you have got a table of knowledge (columns and rows) and you wish to reorder the columns. The designer makes a button referred to as “Edit Columns” wherever you'll add/remove/order the visible columns. you're writing a UI that doesn’t seem like a table to control the table. this can be indirect manipulation.

• A better selection is to permit drag-drop of the columns and add a “last column” wherever you'll sort within the field you wish. Also, you'll click on the header to vary the sphere to one thing else. this can be direct manipulation. It needs additional refined programming, however that's the worth for a stronger interface.

• The reason it’s higher is as a result of it maintains the mental model of the UI. this can be a oversimplified example, however each product has spaces you'll amendment things (Admin area!) and it makes a change on another distant area of the applying. It makes it tougher to grasp the implications of your action. It additionally makes it tougher to grasp wherever to vary the behavior of the screen you're staring at.

• In the physical world a similar factor happens. In Flint Michigan, town supervisors modified their water policy to avoid wasting cash. It additionally had the result of poisoning it’s voters with lead and different toxins. They didn’t mean to poison individuals. Imagine if somebody aforesaid to them, “If you ADD result in the water and poison individuals, we are going to pay you a couple of million greenbacks.” I doubt if the powers that be would comply with that deal. However, they did precisely that. they solely didn’t know it.

• Direct manipulation forces you to ascertain the results of your actions. Indirect manipulation hides that affiliation. I’m not language you ought to use direct manipulation all over. i'm simply language it ought to be your initial selection, not your last.

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@GauravSaxena01