difference between electric potential and potential difference
Answers
Answer: Electric potential is the value of the electrical potential (V) at a given point. Potential difference is just that, the difference in the electrical potential between two points (e.g., V(b) - V(a) ). Both potential and potential difference can be negative or positive or zero.
Explanation:
Answer:
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Explanation:
Let us consider a positive charge q0 which is allowed to move in an electric field produced between two oppositely charged parallel plates as shown in the figure. The positive charge will move from plate B to A and will gain K.E.If it is to be moved from A to B,an external force is needed to make the charge move against the electric field and will gain P.E.Let us impose a condition that as the charge is moved from A to B, it is moved to keep electrostatic equilibrium,i.e.,it moves with uniform velocity. This condition could be achieved by applying a force F equal and opposite to q0E at every point along its path as shown in the figure. The work done by the external force against the electric field increases the electrical potential energy of the charge that is moved. Let WAB be the work done by the force in carrying the positive charge qo from A to B while keeping the charge in equilibrium. The change in its potential energy is given by ΔU= WAB or
UB and UA = WAB
Where UA and UB are defined to be the potential energies at points A and B, respectively.
To describe the electric field we introduce the idea of electric potential difference. The potential difference between two points A and B in an electric field is defined as “The work is done in carrying a unit positive charge from points A to B while keeping the charge in equilibrium.
Potential difference formula
ΔV=VB-VA=WAB/q0=ΔU/q0
Where VA and VB are defined as electric potentials at points A and B respectively. Electric potential energy difference and electric potential difference between the points A and B are related as
ΔU=q0ΔV=WAB
Thus the p.d between the two points can be defined as “the difference of the potential energy per unit charge.”
Unit p.d
1volt=1joule/1coulomb
That is,a potential difference of 1 volt exists between two points if work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to another, keeping equilibrium, is one joule. In order to give a concept of electric potential at a point in an electric field,we must have a reference to which we assign zero electric potential.this point is usually taken at infinity. Thus in equation
ΔV=VB-VA=WAB/q0
we take A to be at infinity and choose Va=0, the electric potential at B will be
VB=WB/q0
or dropping the subscripts we have an equation
V=W/q0
which states that the electric potential at any point in an electric field is equal to work done in bringing a unit positively charge from infinity to that point keeping it in equilibrium. It is to be noted that potential at a point is still a potential difference between the potential at that point and potential at infinity. Both potential and potential differences are scalar quantities because both W and q0 are scalars. Watch the video about the electric potential and potential difference to clear your concepts visually.