Difference between farm yard manure and composited manure
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As stated by the others here FYM is essentially excreta of farm animals mixed with a bit of plant residues like husk, leaves or hay while compost is a prepared product which has plant and animal waste mixed along with a bit of soil. For compost to form it takes some time - about 3 to 6 months. The mixture of plant matter, animal waste and soil is either put in a pit or heaped and moistened regularly. In a pit composting is slower becaue the heat generated is trapped and there is less availability of oxygen while heaping facilitates turning over and better aeration. The mixture is given time to decompose. Turning over once or twice after 10 and 20 day intervals helps to digest the components faster and more efficiently.
While FYM is rich in microbes and nitrogen, plant matter contains more of carbon. The high C:N ratio in plant matter is reduced during the course of composting and the nutrients are made more easily available to plants. To prepare compost the proportion of plant matter to animal matter to soil can be about 14:2:1. So one will see that with a small quantity of FYM it is possible to make a lot of compost. Compost enables to increase the carbon content of the soil considerably thereby improving the texture of soil and making it a suitable medium for multiplication of earthworms and other forms of microbes and fungi.
It is worth stating here that compost is the most balanced form of plant fertilizer and is far superior to chemical fertilizers. It not only is more balanced but is capable of improving soil texture and fortifies the soil the natural way. The quality of crops produced using compost is also far superior to those produced using chemicals. Chemical fertilizers only make the already present carbon in the soil more readily available to the plants while depleting the soil. Compost on the other hand not only replenishes the carbon in the soil (which is a form of reserve fertility) but also provides micro nutrients and other components in a balanced form and at the correct time.
While FYM is rich in microbes and nitrogen, plant matter contains more of carbon. The high C:N ratio in plant matter is reduced during the course of composting and the nutrients are made more easily available to plants. To prepare compost the proportion of plant matter to animal matter to soil can be about 14:2:1. So one will see that with a small quantity of FYM it is possible to make a lot of compost. Compost enables to increase the carbon content of the soil considerably thereby improving the texture of soil and making it a suitable medium for multiplication of earthworms and other forms of microbes and fungi.
It is worth stating here that compost is the most balanced form of plant fertilizer and is far superior to chemical fertilizers. It not only is more balanced but is capable of improving soil texture and fortifies the soil the natural way. The quality of crops produced using compost is also far superior to those produced using chemicals. Chemical fertilizers only make the already present carbon in the soil more readily available to the plants while depleting the soil. Compost on the other hand not only replenishes the carbon in the soil (which is a form of reserve fertility) but also provides micro nutrients and other components in a balanced form and at the correct time.
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