Difference between glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle
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The mitochondrial shuttles are systems used to transport reducing agentsacross the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.
The two main systems in humans are:
NameIn
To mitochondrionTo ETCOut
To cytosolGlycerol phosphate shuttleGlycerol 3-phosphateQH2 (~1.5 ATP)Dihydroxyacetone phosphateMalate-aspartate shuttleMalateNADH (~3 ATP)Oxaloacetate[1]/aspartate
In humans, the glycerol phosphate shuttle is primarily found in brown adipose tissue, as the conversion is less efficient, thus generating heat, which is one of the main purposes of brown fat. It is primarily found in babies, though it is present in small amounts in adults around the kidneys and on the back of our necks.[1] The malate-aspartate shuttle is found in much of the rest of the body.
See alsoEdit
Mitochondrial carrier
Notes and referencesEdit
^ a b Silva, Pedro. "then chemical logic behind ... Fermentation and Respiration" Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine., Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 2002-01-04. Retrieved on 2009-04-02.
The two main systems in humans are:
NameIn
To mitochondrionTo ETCOut
To cytosolGlycerol phosphate shuttleGlycerol 3-phosphateQH2 (~1.5 ATP)Dihydroxyacetone phosphateMalate-aspartate shuttleMalateNADH (~3 ATP)Oxaloacetate[1]/aspartate
In humans, the glycerol phosphate shuttle is primarily found in brown adipose tissue, as the conversion is less efficient, thus generating heat, which is one of the main purposes of brown fat. It is primarily found in babies, though it is present in small amounts in adults around the kidneys and on the back of our necks.[1] The malate-aspartate shuttle is found in much of the rest of the body.
See alsoEdit
Mitochondrial carrier
Notes and referencesEdit
^ a b Silva, Pedro. "then chemical logic behind ... Fermentation and Respiration" Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine., Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 2002-01-04. Retrieved on 2009-04-02.
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