Physics, asked by anubhav9782, 1 year ago

Difference between graded potential and action potential

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Answered by abhaysinghbabu
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Main Difference – Graded Potential vs Action Potential

The plasma membrane of the nerve cells is usually at the resting membrane potential. The interior of the plasma membrane is negatively charged while the exterior is positively charged. The signals of the nervous system are transmitted through the nerve cells in the form of potential differences. The loss of resting membrane potentials is known as the depolarization. Graded potential and action potential are the two types of potential differences that can be generated during depolarization. The main difference between graded potential and action potential is that graded potentials are the variable-strength signals that can be transmitted over short distances whereas action potentials are large depolarizations that can be transmitted over long distances. Graded potential may lose the strength as they are transmitted through the neuron but, action potentials do not lose their strength during the transmission.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRADED POTENTIAL AND ACTION POTENTIAL→

Graded Potential: Graded potential refers to a membrane potential, which can vary in amplitude.

Action Potential: Action potential refers to a change in the electrical potential, which is associated with the transmission of impulses along the membrane of a nerve cell or muscle cell.

Depolarization/Hyperpolarization

Graded Potential: Graded potential can occur either due to depolarization or hyperpolarization.

Action Potential: Action potential can only occur due to depolarization.

Strength of Depolarization

Graded Potential: Graded potential may have variable signal strengths which are less than an action potential.

Action Potential: Action potential is a large depolarization, which reaches the threshold (+40 mV).

Ion Channels

Graded Potential: Graded potential is generated by ligand-gated ion channels.

Action Potential: Action potential is generated by voltage-gated ion channels.

Distance

Graded Potential: Graded potential may be transmitted over short distances.

Action Potential: Action potential may be transmitted over long distances.

Strength

Graded Potential: Graded potential may lose its strength during transmission.

Action Potential: Action potential does not lose its strength during transmission.

Addition

Graded Potential: Two graded potentials can be added together.

Action Potential: Two action potentials cannot be added together.
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