Question

difference between inductive effect and electromeric effect. at least 3 points

Answer 1

An inductive effect is transmitted through the σ bonds; an electromeric effect is transmitted through π electrons.

Explanation:

An inductive effect is the effect on electron density in one portion of a molecule caused by electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule.

For example, an electronegative halogen atom withdraws electron density from other parts of the molecule through the σ bonds.

Answer 2

Differences between the Inductive effect and the Electromeric effect are as follows -

• Inductive effect: The inductive effect is the transmission of unequal sharing of the bonding electron through a chain of atoms in a molecule, leading to a permanent dipole in a bond.
• Electromeric effect: Electromeric effect refers to a molecular polarisability effect happening by an intramolecular electron displacement characterised by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons.
• An inductive effect is noticed in the sigma bond system while the Electromeric effect is noticed in the pi bond system.
• The inductive effect is when two atoms with different electronegativity values form the chemical bond while the Electromeric effect happens when a molecule having multiple bonds is exposed to an attacking agent such as a proton.
• The inductive effect is permanent, it does not need the presence of a reagent while the Electromeric effect temporary, it needs the presence of an electrophilic or nucleophilic reagent.

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