Question

Difference between internal fragmentation and external fragmentation in operating system

Answer 1

The basic reason behind the occurrences of internal and external fragmentation is that internal fragmentation occurs when memory is partitioned into fixed-sized blocks whereas external fragmentation occurs when memory is partitioned into variable size blocks.
When the memory block allotted to the process comes out to be slightly larger than requested memory, then the free space left in the allotted memory block causes internal fragmentation. On the other hands, when the process is removed from the memory it creates free space causing a hole in the memory which is called external fragmentation.
The problem of internal fragmentation can be solved by partitioning the memory into variable sized blocks and assign the best fit block to the requesting process. However, the solution for external fragmentation is compaction, but it is expensive to implement, so the processes must be allowed to acquire physical memory in a non-contiguous manner, to achieve this the technique of paging and segmentation is introduced.

Answer 2

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The key difference between internal fragmentation and external fragmentation is that in internal fragmentation fixed sized memory blocks are assigned to process whereas in external fragmentation variable sized memory blocks are assigned to process.

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