Question

Difference between liquefaction and quick sand condition

Answer 1

In their natural state sand grains are arranged approximately in a pattern called hexagonal close packing. In this condition the grains in each horizontal row rests in the valley between the two grains in the row beliw it. In each row the grains are in contact laterally so they can not move sideways. Since each grain is now supported from below and constrained from moving laterally the sand can and will support weight. In both quick sand and liquefied sand the sand grains are lifted out of this mechanically stable configuration either by up flowing water ( as in the example of water flowing through the sand in a confined channel and encountering an obstruction on the bottom of the channel that forces the flow lines to turn upward toward the sand/air interface) or mechanically by being vibrated into the mechanically less stable cubic close packing arrangement. In either case the grains are no longer confined from moving out from under a vertically imposed load and will not support weight.

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