Difference between primary secondary tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins
Answers
Answer:
All proteins have primary, secondary and tertiary structures but quaternary structures only arise when a protein is made up of two or more polypeptide chains. ... Secondary structure is when the polypeptide chains fold into regular structures like the beta sheets, alpha helix, turns, or loops.
Explanation:
Answer:
Proteins are complex molecules that perform a wide range of functions in the body. Proteins have four levels of organization:
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
Explanation:
- The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids written from the N-terminal of the first to the C-terminal of the last amino acid.
- The secondary structure refers to the local arrangement of the chain in space. It can be either an alpha helix or beta sheet.
- The tertiary structure is the folded structure of the polypeptide chain into a 3D-structure. It comprises a compact, globular shape achieved by bending and twisting the polypeptide chain into its lowest energy state with high stability.
Finally, quaternary structure refers to how multiple protein subunits come together to form a larger protein complex.
The primary structure is maintained by covalent peptide bonds that connect amino acids together.
Alterations in primary protein structures lead to alterations in secondary, tertiary, and probably quaternary structures.
Genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, albinism are caused by mutations resulting in alterations in primary protein structures.
The secondary structure is primarily due to hydrogen bonds between carbonyl oxygen and peptide bond amide hydrogen held together by regular folding regions into specific structural patterns within one polypeptide chain. The tertiary structure is primarily due to interactions between R groups of amino acids that make up proteins.
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