Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Answer:
Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They range from 10–100 μm in diameter, and their DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes are organisms containing eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
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1. A Prokaryotic cell is surrounded by a single membrane layer but In the case of Eukaryotic, there are two surroundings 1. Plasma membrane 2. Nuclear membrane.
2. In the case of prokaryotic cells, the cell wall is made up of Carbohydrates, lipids, protein and certain amino acids whereas The eukaryotic cell wall is made up of chitin and cellulose.
3. Respiratory enzymes are present on the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells whereas Respiratory enzymes are absent on the cell membrane in Eukaryotic cells
4. Thylakoids present in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells whereas Thylakoids occur within the chloroplast in eukaryotic cells
5. SAP Vacuoles are present in prokaryotic cells but SAP vacuoles are commonly present in Eukaryotic cells
6. 70s ribosome are present free in the cytoplasm or attached to mRNA in prokaryotic cells whereas 80s ribosomes are present either free or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear Envelope for mRNA
7. Endocytosis and exocytosis do not occur in prokaryotic cells but Endocytosis and exocytosis takes place in many protists and in animals
8. The nucleus is absent in prokaryotic cells. nuclear material lies in the cytoplasm and is called a nucleoid, contains a single chromosome whereas Well developed nucleus found in Eukaryotic cells which surrounds why nuclear membrane nucleus contains two or more chromosomes
9. Fertilization, gamete formation and meiosis do not occur in prokaryotic cells whereas Fertilization, gamete formation and meiosis are well developed in Eukaryotic cells.
10. Prokaryotic cells are haploid whereas Eukaryotic cells are of both types, diploid and haploid
11. Nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane is absent in prokaryotic cells Well developed nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope surrounds the nuclear material
12. The nucleolus is absent in prokaryotic cells whereas One or more nucleolus is present within the nucleus
13. Circular DNA is present without associated proteins Nuclear DNA is associated with proteins in prokaryotic cells but It is linear while extranuclear DNA is present without proteins in Eukaryotic cells
14. If present Flagella are simple, consist of a single fibril. Flagella are formed of a protein called flagellin. but Flagella are complex in structure, 9+2 pattern of microtubules formed of the protein called tubulin in Eukaryotic cells if present.
15. Plasmids and pili are present in many prokaryotic cells whereas Plasmids and pili are absent in eukaryotic cells.
16. Most prokaryotes are reproduced by means of asexual reproduction Most but Eukaryotes are reproduced by means of asexual reproduction.
