Question

difference between Punjab and Andhra Pradesh the basis of air quality​

Answer 1

Answer:

The State of Punjab is a portion of the Indus River System, which runs across the north and northwest of the Indian Subcontinent. Near Bhurgampad Mandal, the Godavari River enters the state of Andhra Pradesh. It then flows about 250 km to the east before joining the Bay of Bengal.

Explanation:

Punjab:

• Punjab has Quaternary alluvial deposits from the Indus river basin.
• The bulk of the groundwater in the state lies 10 to 20 meters below the surface.
• However, around significant cities like Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Amritsar, and Sangrur, the water is 20 to 40 meters deep.
• In 2021/2022, Punjab will have a population of 29,611,935 (29.61 million), up from the last census in 2011 of 27,704,236.

Andhra Pradesh,

• The majority of the surface waters are provided by the Godavari, Krishna, and Pennar rivers, which make up the majority of the state of Andhra Pradesh's big and medium rivers.
• There are over 40000 tiny irrigation sources spread across the state's thirteen districts.
• In 2021/2022, Andhra Pradesh would have a population of 52,883,163 (52.88 million), up from 49,386,799 in 2011 according to Aadhar statistics. In Andhra Pradesh, the population has grown by 7.08 percent since 2011.

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Answer 2

a. AQI of Punjab of different cities in recent years

b. AQI of Andhra Pradesh of different cities in recent years.

Punjab faces the challenge of air pollution due to fast industrialization, urbanization and agricultural activities.Levels of Air pollution spike to dangerously high levels during the winter in Punjab due to stubble burning and dust particles. Crop residue burning releases aerosol particles, coarse particles (PM10),fine particles (PM2.5) and greenhouse gases (GHG), having harmful effects on human health. The release of aerosols and gaseous pollutants from stubble burning affects the air quality.

The air quality index(AQI) of eight cities of Punjab, “Khanna, Ludhiana, Dera Bassi, Gobindgarh, Jalandhar, Naya Nangal, Pathankot and Patiala”, have been considered the worst. The causes of Air pollution in Punjab are residential and commercial burning, fossil fuel burning, industrial emission.

Based on the annual average baseline assessed from 2015-18, it was found that sulphur concentration in Vijayawada’s atmosphere was the highest among the other cities.

A study conducted by the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) found that usage of sulphur-rich petroleum coke, or petcoke, and coal in the industrial areas were responsible for the severe damage to the city’s air quality.

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