Question

difference between secular and transient radioactive equilibrium​

Answer 1

Answer:

The basic difference between these two types of equilibrium is the following: during 10 half-lives of the daughter, essentially no parent decay takes place during secular equilibrium, but significant decay takes place during transient equilibrium. ... Transient equilibrium is reached in ~4 daughter half-lives.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

The primary distinction between transient and secular radioactive equilibrium is that while in transient equilibrium the parent isotope concentration declines with time, in secular equilibrium it remains constant over time. In the case of secular equilibrium, but not in the case of transitory equilibrium, the steady state concentration of the daughter isotope is proportionate to the concentration of the parent.

• The term "radioactive equilibrium" describes the situation in which the rates of radioactive isotope synthesis and decay are equal. Secular equilibrium and transitory equilibrium are the two different forms of radioactive equilibrium.
• When the parent isotope's half-life is significantly longer than the daughter isotope's half-life, there is a state of secular equilibrium. In this instance, the parent isotope's decay rate is insignificant in comparison to the production rate, resulting in a stable parent isotope concentration over time.
• The daughter isotope's concentration increases over time until it reaches a steady state where the production and decay rates are equal.
• The daughter isotope's decay rate is balanced by the parent's decay rate's production rate. The daughter isotope's steady state concentration is inversely proportional to the parent isotope's concentration.
• When the parent isotope's half-life is similar to or less than the daughter isotope's half-life, transient equilibrium results. In this instance, the parent isotope's decay rate is far faster than its creation rate, and as a result, its concentration falls over time.
• When the concentration of the parent isotope is low, the daughter isotope's decay rate is first slow but gradually picks up. As a result, the daughter isotope concentration first increases quickly before slowing down and reaching a steady state where the rates of synthesis and decay are equal.
• The daughter isotope's steady state concentration does not match the parent isotope's concentration, thus equilibrium takes longer to attain than in the case of secular equilibrium.
• The time required to reach equilibrium is shorter in the case of secular equilibrium than in the case of transient equilibrium.

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