Question

Difference between semi synthetic and synthetic polymers

Answer 1

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Natural polymers or semi- synthetic polymers: The polymers which are obtained naturally are called natural polymers. A natural polymer has its origin in plants and animals. Starch, cellulose, proteins, natural rubber etc. are the examples of natural polymers.

Let us briefly discuss these natural polymers:

Starch: It is a polymer which forms the food reserve for all the plants. The monomer of starch is – D – glucose. When a polymer of starch is formed hundreds of – D – glucose molecules are joined through a linkage known as glycosidic linkage.

Proteins: They are the building blocks for animals. Proteins are simply polypeptides and are formed when amino acids undergo polymerization. The structure of proteins can either be long chains or cross-linked. Hundreds of amino acids link together to form a protein molecule; the arrangement is highly organized.

Rubber: Natural rubber is a polymer of 2- methylbuta-1, 3-diene. This polymer is popularly known as isoprene. Natural rubber is obtained from the rubber tree in the form of latex which is a milky juice of the rubber plant.

2. Synthetic polymers: The man-made polymers or the polymers which are synthesized in the laboratory are called synthetic polymers. Synthetic polymers find a large application in our daily life. Most of the things that we use are made up of synthetic polymers. Some of the typical examples of synthetic polymers are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Bakelite, nylon, synthetic rubbers.

Synthetic rubber: As we know that natural rubber is a polymer of 2- methylbuta-1, 3-diene but synthetic rubbers are either homopolymers of 1, 3- butadiene derivatives or copolymers of 1, 3- butadiene or its derivatives with another unsaturated monomer. In general, the synthetic polymer is any polymer which can be stretched to at least twice its length and regains its original shape after being stretched.

Polyethylene (most commonly known as polyethylene): It is derived from unsaturated hydrocarbons. This synthetic polymer is used in making a large number of household articles. We have two types of synthetic plastic; that is low-density plastic which is chemically inert, robust and destitute in conducting electricity. Hence it is widely used in making toys, insulation wires and pipes. On the other hand, we have high-density polyethene which is also chemically inert. It is highly crystalline in nature. It is stiffer, harder and has greater tensile strength. It is used in the making of containers, pipes, and bottles.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Synthetic polymers

• Synthetic polymers are human-made polymers derived from petroleum oil.
• From the utility point of view they can be classified into three main categories: thermoplastics, elastomers and synthetic fibers.
• They are found commonly in a variety of consumer products such as honey, glue, etc.

Semi synthetic

• Semisynthetic is a type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources as the starting materials to produce other novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties.
• The novel compounds generally have a high molecular weight or a complex molecular structure, more so than those produced by total synthesis from simple starting materials.
• Semisynthesis is a means of preparing many medicines more cheaply than by total synthesis since fewer chemical steps are necessary.

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