Difference between surface finish and surface roughness
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After processing the workpiece by any surface modification process (such as metal cutting, surface treatment, forming, etc.), quality of the final surface can be judged based on several aspects. All such aspects are integrated by the term Surface Integrity. It covers all primary, standard and extended data sets related to quality of a solid surface. Assessing quality of machined surface is important for judging machinability for a combination of work-tool material under specific cutting condition. In the context of machining, two phrases—surface roughness and surface finish are commonly used to characterize the quality of machined or finished surface. Surface roughness is one parameter under surface integrity; in fact it is the most widely used surface characteristics parameter.
Although surface roughness and surface finish are frequently used interchangeably and also signify same thing, they are different in several ways. Surface roughness refers to the height of macro and micro asperities and irregularities present on a finished surface after machining; while surface finish indicates quality of that surface using various attributes (like fine, rough, good, poor, etc.). Surface roughness can be measured and expressed quantitatively. Unlike surface roughness, surface finish cannot be measured or quantified; it can only be expressed quantitatively either directly from appearance or indirectly from the roughness value. Similarities and differences between surface roughness and surface finish are discussed in following sections.