Difference between the protein degradation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis
Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis
Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are monocistronic, containing the coding sequence only for one polypeptide. In prokaryotes, mRNA molecules are polycistronic containing the coding sequence of several genes of a particular metabolic pathway.In eukaryotes, protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.In prokaryotes, protein synthesis begins even before the transcription of mRNA molecule is completed. This is called coupled transcription - translation.In eukaryotes, most of the gene have introns or non coding sequences along with exons or coding sequences. The exons are joined together and introns are removed during mRNA processing. Prokaryotes do not have introns (Except Archaebacteria). Therefore mRNA processing is not required.The primary mRNA transcript in eukaryotes undergoes processing and splicing to change into a functional mRNA.In prokaryotes splicing of mRNA transcript does not occur.In eukaryotes, mRNA molecules are modified by the addition of a 5’G cap formed of methylated guanosine triphosphate.No such cap is formed at 5’end of bacterial mRNA.A poly A tail formed of about 200 adenine nucleotides is added at the 3’end of mRNA in Eukaryotes.No poly A tail is added to bacterial mRNA.In eukaryotes, 5’cap initiates translation by binding the mRNA to small ribosomal subunit usually at the first codon AUG. In bacteria, translation begins at an AUG codonpreceded by a special nucleotide sequence.The first amino acid methionine entering the ribosome is not formylated.The first amino acid methionine is formylated into N formyl methionine.The pre imitation complex formation is initiated by nine initiated factors.Only two initiating factors are involved.In eukaryotes, the number of initiating factors is much more than prokaryotes. About ten IFs have been identified in reticulocytes an RBC. These are eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4 , eIF5, eIF6 ,eIF4B, eIF4C,eIF4D, eIF4FThree initiating factors found in prokaryotes.
PIF-1 , PIF-2 , PIF-3In eukaryotes small subunit of ribosome (40 S) gets dissociated with the initiator amino acyl tRNA (Met-tRNA Met) without the help of mRNA. The complex joins mRNA later on.In prokaryotes, 30 S subunit first complexes with mRNA (30S-mRNA) when then joins with f Met tRNA f-
Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis
Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are monocistronic, containing the coding sequence only for one polypeptide. In prokaryotes, mRNA molecules are polycistronic containing the coding sequence of several genes of a particular metabolic pathway.In eukaryotes, protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.In prokaryotes, protein synthesis begins even before the transcription of mRNA molecule is completed. This is called coupled transcription - translation.In eukaryotes, most of the gene have introns or non coding sequences along with exons or coding sequences. The exons are joined together and introns are removed during mRNA processing. Prokaryotes do not have introns (Except Archaebacteria). Therefore mRNA processing is not required.The primary mRNA transcript in eukaryotes undergoes processing and splicing to change into a functional mRNA.In prokaryotes splicing of mRNA transcript does not occur.In eukaryotes, mRNA molecules are modified by the addition of a 5’G cap formed of methylated guanosine triphosphate.No such cap is formed at 5’end of bacterial mRNA.A poly A tail formed of about 200 adenine nucleotides is added at the 3’end of mRNA in Eukaryotes.No poly A tail is added to bacterial mRNA.In eukaryotes, 5’cap initiates translation by binding the mRNA to small ribosomal subunit usually at the first codon AUG. In bacteria, translation begins at an AUG codonpreceded by a special nucleotide sequence.The first amino acid methionine entering the ribosome is not formylated.The first amino acid methionine is formylated into N formyl methionine.The pre imitation complex formation is initiated by nine initiated factors.Only two initiating factors are involved.In eukaryotes, the number of initiating factors is much more than prokaryotes. About ten IFs have been identified in reticulocytes an RBC. These are eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4 , eIF5, eIF6 ,eIF4B, eIF4C,eIF4D, eIF4FThree initiating factors found in prokaryotes.
PIF-1 , PIF-2 , PIF-3In eukaryotes small subunit of ribosome (40 S) gets dissociated with the initiator amino acyl tRNA (Met-tRNA Met) without the help of mRNA. The complex joins mRNA later on.In prokaryotes, 30 S subunit first complexes with mRNA (30S-mRNA) when then joins with f Met tRNA f-
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in prokaryotes protein degradation is low as compared to eukaryotes as they [MEANS PROKARYOTE]REQUIRE RELATIVELY LESS ENERY.
LES ENERGR REQUIREMENT MEANS LES DNA AND RNA [NUCLIEC ACID IS CONSUMED]
LES ENERGR REQUIREMENT MEANS LES DNA AND RNA [NUCLIEC ACID IS CONSUMED]
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