Difference between vco and ring oscillator
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Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in concept is a voltage to frequency converter. It can be as simple as an Astable multivibrator, an LC oscillator or an odd numbered (min=3) chain of inverters (ring oscillators).
Frequency can be changed by changing the delay in the circuit and delay can be changed by changing the current. So, all you need is a circuit which can do V2I (Voltage to Current) and a circuit which can change it's delay based on the input current.
Below is an example of a 5 stage ring oscillator based VCO whose frequency (Fout) is controlled by the input voltage (Vctrl)
Frequency can be changed by changing the delay in the circuit and delay can be changed by changing the current. So, all you need is a circuit which can do V2I (Voltage to Current) and a circuit which can change it's delay based on the input current.
Below is an example of a 5 stage ring oscillator based VCO whose frequency (Fout) is controlled by the input voltage (Vctrl)
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