Difference bwtween immunogenecity and antigenecity
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Answer:
The term immunogenicity refers to the ability of a substance to induce cellular and humoral immune response, while antigenicity is the ability to be specifically recognized by the antibodies generated as a result of the immune response to the given substance.
Answer:
Immunogenicity – is the ability to induce humoral and /or cell mediated immune response. We know when B and T cells get activated by antigen, it results in effector cells and memory cells. For example, if B cell gets activated, it will differentiate into plasma B cell which secrets antibodies.
B cell + antigen = Plasma B cells (secrets antibody) + memory B cells
Such antigens are called immunogen more appropriately. These immunogens are large molecules with molecular weight at least >10,000 D and that is why they can induce the immune response.
Antigenicity – is the ability to combine with the final products of the humoral and/or cell mediated immune response. It is not activating the immune response rather it combines with the final products of the immune response. For example, as we just saw when B cells get activated it secrets antibodies and the antigens which have the property of antigenicity will combine to these antibodies.
Such antigens are called haptens. Haptens are small molecules with very low molecular weight and that is why they are not capable of inducing the immune response. An example of such hapten is drugs like penicillin.
Now, here is more very important point. Haptens can be immunogenic if they bind with carrier proteins because once they bind with carrier protein, it increases the molecular weight (becomes larger molecule) and thus it can induce the immune response.
Haptens + Carrier protein = Immunogen
One sentence you might come across every time you read about immunogenicity and antigenicity is : All immunogens are antigenic but all antigens are not immunogenic. This means all immunogens are antigenic meaning it can react to the end product of immune response. It makes sense right that if immunogen can induce the immune response it can also bind with the final product of immune response. But all the antigens cannot be immunogenic because we saw only high molecular weight antigen can induce the immune response right, so they are antigenic but not immunogenic.
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