Differences between the enclosure movement in 16th and the 18th century.
Answers
From the 16th century onwards the economy of open fields and common lands had started changing. With the rise in the price of wool, rich farmers wanted to expand wool production to earn profits. They wanted to improve their sheep breeds and ensure good feed for them. They wanted to do this by controlling large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breeding. Division and enclosing of common land started. Hedges were built around holdings to separate one's property from others. Another factor was the new demand for grain. This happened in the 18th century. Land was being enclosed for grain production. English population expanded rapidly during the time. In addition, England during this time was industrialising. More and more people began to move to urban areas. They had to buy foodgrains from the markets. Enclosures were required to make long-term investments on land and plan crop rotations to improve the soil. These enclosures also allowed the richer landlords to expand land under their control and produce more for the market.
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(i) Differences between the Enclosure Movement of the late 18th century and the earlier one
(a) In the 16 th century, the price of wool went up in the world market. The rich farmer wanted to expand wool production to earn profit.
For this purpose, they enclosed common lands for improving sheep breeding. These early enclosures were not supported by the state or church.
(b) After the mid-18th century, the Enclosure Movement swept through the countryside. The aim of this Enclosure Movement was to increase growing production to feed the growing population.
(ii) By 1850, 6 million acres of land was enclosed in Britain and the British Parliament had passed 4000 Acts legalising these enclosures.