Differenciate between meiosis and mitosis?
Answers
Answer:
Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a continuous process of cell division which occurs in all types of living cells.
Mitosis involves four basic phases – prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Mitosis is the process where the division of cell occurs by asexual reproduction.
In mitosis, the nuclear membrane is broken down, spindle fibres (microtubules) attach to the chromatids at the centromere and pull apart the chromatids.
When the chromatids reach separate ends of the cells, the spindle fibres disintegrate and a nuclear membrane rebuilds around the chromosomes making two nuclei.
Each nucleus is identical to the original nucleus as it was in G1.
Also read: Difference between haploid and diploid
Meiosis Overview
Meiosis is the form of nuclear cell division that results in daughter cells that have one half the chromosome numbers as the original cell.
In organisms that are diploid, the end result is cells that are haploid. Each daughter cell gets one complete set of chromosomes, i.e., one of each homologous pair of chromosomes.
In humans, this means the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23.
The only cells that undergo meiosis will become sperm or eggs.
The joining together of a sperm and egg during fertilization returns the number of the chromosomes to 46.
Cells that undergo meiosis go through the cell cycle including the S phase so begin the process with chromosomes that consist of two chromatids just as in mitosis.
Meiosis consists of meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I homologous chromosomes are separated into different nuclei.
This is the reduction division; chromosome number is cut in half. Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis; chromatids are separated into separate nuclei.
As in mitosis, it is spindle fibres that “pull” the chromosomes and chromatids apart.
The end result of meiosis is four cells, each with one complete set of chromosomes instead of two sets of chromosomes.