different between lexical and functional morphemes.
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What is the difference between morphemes and lexemes?
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Gareth Roberts, I'm an assistant professor in a linguistics department
Answered Nov 9, 2017
The idea is that we each have a mental lexicon, a bit like a dictionary in our heads, that stores all the words we know. A lexeme is like a headword in that dictionary. The word jump is a lexeme, for instance. The various inflected forms of jump (jumped, jumps, jumping) are not separate lexemes, but are different forms of the same lexeme, subordinate to jump.
A lexeme consists of morphemes. Sometimes the default form of a lexeme consists of a single morpheme – jump is an example. However, the subordinate inflected forms jumped, jumps, jumping consist of two morphemes each: jump plus a suffix (-ed, -s, or -ing). (Sometimes morphemes have subordinate variant forms, by the way; the past tense suffix -ed varies in pronunciation depending on the preceding sound; these different variants are not separate morphemes, but are forms of the same past-tense morpheme.)
Sometimes the headword itself consists of multiple morphemes. This occurs when you have a word that behaves as a separate word in its own right, but is constructed out of other morphemes. Headword would be an example; it consists of the morphemes headand word, but we can assume that it’s stored as a separate entry in the mental lexicon, rather than as a subordinate form of head or word.
There is some theoretical debate about what words constitute separate lexemes, and what are constructed on the fly by combining morphemes, and clever psycholinguistic experiments have been devised to try to answer this question.
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Gareth Roberts, I'm an assistant professor in a linguistics department
Answered Nov 9, 2017
The idea is that we each have a mental lexicon, a bit like a dictionary in our heads, that stores all the words we know. A lexeme is like a headword in that dictionary. The word jump is a lexeme, for instance. The various inflected forms of jump (jumped, jumps, jumping) are not separate lexemes, but are different forms of the same lexeme, subordinate to jump.
A lexeme consists of morphemes. Sometimes the default form of a lexeme consists of a single morpheme – jump is an example. However, the subordinate inflected forms jumped, jumps, jumping consist of two morphemes each: jump plus a suffix (-ed, -s, or -ing). (Sometimes morphemes have subordinate variant forms, by the way; the past tense suffix -ed varies in pronunciation depending on the preceding sound; these different variants are not separate morphemes, but are forms of the same past-tense morpheme.)
Sometimes the headword itself consists of multiple morphemes. This occurs when you have a word that behaves as a separate word in its own right, but is constructed out of other morphemes. Headword would be an example; it consists of the morphemes headand word, but we can assume that it’s stored as a separate entry in the mental lexicon, rather than as a subordinate form of head or word.
There is some theoretical debate about what words constitute separate lexemes, and what are constructed on the fly by combining morphemes, and clever psycholinguistic experiments have been devised to try to answer this question.
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