different methods of preparing manure long essay
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are utilised by bacteria, fungi and other organisms in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food webOrganic manures are composed of dead plant and animal remains and contain plant nutrients. They are applied to the soil to increase crop production. Farmyard manures from cow or buffalo
dung, compost made from plants, leaves and kitchen waste, and leguminous crops used as green
manures are some examples of organic manures.
Most farmers in the hills of Nepal use compost and other forms of organic manures as supplements to mineral fertilizers. However, compost prepared by traditional methods is not well-decomposed and has a poor nutrient content. Well-decomposed compost will reduce weeds and insects. Also, there are serious insect and weed problems when undecomposed compost is used. (The average nitrogen content of the compost prepared by farmers is 0.5%. Using improved methods can increase the nitrogen content of the compost to 1.5%.)
BENEFITS FROM COMPOST
Maintains soil fertility level.
increases the nutrient level of the soil or improve the soil's physical condition by improving soil structure and aeration.
Increases the infiltration capacity of the soil, thus reducing surface runoff.
Helps to retain plant nutrients and moisture.
Well-decomposed compost buffers soil reaction and controls soil temperature.
Increases soil microbial activity which helps mineralization of applied chemical fertilizers, making them more available to crops.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER IN THE PREPARATION OF COMPOST
Arrange composting material in a pit or heap. If composting is done in a heap, the site should be levelled and protected from rain by a roof so that nutrients will not leach.
Compost is decomposed by fungi and bacteria. For proper microbial growth, add starter materials Complesal (a few handfuls), lime or top soil] at each layer. Decomposed compost and wood ash can also be added if chemical fertilizer is not available.
Add enough water to keep compost moist; the material should be spongy - not too dry, not too wet.
Turn the compost pit or heap at 30-40 day intervals for proper aeration.
Cover the compost pit or heap with mudor straw or plastic sheets. This practice enhances decomposition. In the midhills, it may take approximately 3-4 months for complete decomposition.
Watering the compost - Turning the compost
WELL-DECOMPOSED COMPOST IS:
Friable
Does not stick in the hand
Dark grey or blackish in color
Original material cannot be distinguished.
USING FRESH BANMARA FOR COMPOSTING
Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum) is a perennial shrub found in the hills (600-2,000 masl). Its vigorous vegetative growth and regeneration take place during the rainy season but remain dormant during the winter. Largely considered as a devastating weed in pastures and forests, this plant can be utilized to prepare compost. Studies reveal that fresh Banmara biomass mixed with cattle dung can produce a good quality compost. The Carbon: Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the compost prepared from Banmara was 14.2 with 2.0% Nitrogen, 0.02% Phosphorus and 1.2% Potassium.
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