Question

Different methods of separation of substances in short

Answer 1

Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation and filtration are some of the methods of separating substances from their mixtures. Husk and stones could be separated from grains by handpicking. Husk is separated from heavier seeds of grain by winnowing.

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Answer 2

there are many methods of separating substances in a mixture. sometimes we need to separate solid from liquid, liquid from liquid, solid from solid etc. but how can we separate them ??

here are few methods.. :)

• evaporation - we all are familiar with this simple process. evaporation is a process where the liquid state (it can be water etc) changes it's state to gaseous state on heating. by this process we can separate the solvent and solute. for example salt from salt solution.
• centrifugation - it's a process where centrifugal force is used to settle the denser particles are forced to be at the bottom and the lighter ones at the top. this process basically used to separate cream from milk, water from cloths etc.
• sublimation - sublimation is a process where solid is directly changed to it's gaseous state on heating without being converted to it's liquid state. some examples are - separation of salt and ammonium chloride.
• chromatography - it's a process of separating different components of a mixture. it's used to separate colors in a dye, drugs from blood, pigments of natural colors etc.
• distillation - distillation is a process to separate two miscible liquids.similar to this, another process is fractional distillation, where two miscible liquids have difference in boiling points less than 25 k. example - separation of gases from air, separating petroleum products etc.
• hand picking - there is basket with full of mangoes and apples. how will you separate them? obviously hands.. this is a process where we use our hands to separate.
• sedimentation - it's a simple process where we let any solution to settle down and leave it undisturbed. after sometime the denser particles will settle down. and we'll get the liquid portion on the top.
• filtration - we all use this process in our day to day life. this is a process where we filter the mixture. we filter tea leaves from tea, some big particles from any liquid etc.

• winnowing - in this process, the mixture is thrown in wind and letting the wind to blow away small and dirt particles. it's basically used in agriculture to remove husk and chaff from grains etc.

there are many more methods. these are some common methods mostly used by us.