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different ritual performed in manipur temples​

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different ritual performed in manipur temples

Ans::The banner image shows the Shri Krishna Temple of Brahmapur Guruaribam Leikai, Imphal. Photographs by Jayanti Thokchom.)

Situated in the corner of North East India and inhabited by various ethnic communities, such as the Nagas, Kukis and Meiteis, the state of Manipur is a land of diverse culture. The present study deals with the valley of Manipur, where the Meiteis are the dominant community.

The Meiteis have their own religious beliefs and practices based on ancestor worship. In the 18th century, under the patronage of the Meitei kings, Vaishnavism was adopted as the state religion. This initiated a process of religious change in Manipur; Vaishnavism spread throughout the valley. The Meitei kings built a number of Vaishnava temples. The royal chronicle, Cheitharol Kumpaba (Singh and Singh 1989), is replete with references to the construction of Vaishnava temples in Manipur since the 18th century. While many temples mentioned in literature have not survived, others have stood the test of time. This paper studies some of the important surviving Vaishnava temples of Manipur. The study of temples in Manipur—Vaishnava or otherwise—is an almost uncharted field.

The Meitei term for temple is laishang (lai means deity and shang means a built structure). In the early period (prior to the 15th-16th centuries), since their religion did not entail iconic representation, the Meiteis did not build temples as permanent places of worship. Instead, they had laiphams (places of god), which they would visit for specific purposes. Sometimes, they would build a temporary laishang for a specific occasion. This structure, erected on a square ground plan, was a single room made of bamboo, thatch and wood, with a roof in the shape of an inverted ‘V’ (Singh 2004). Image worship did not begin until the 17th century: as is evident from the writings of colonial officers such as T.C. Hodson, it was not common even in the early 20th century (Hodson 1999). Moreover, before the 17th century, shrines, temples, and houses were constructed using easily available, perishable material such as wood, timber and reeds. Therefore, no structure built during this period survives today. However, there are a number of old puyas (texts containing Meitei myths, legends, beliefs, and history) that refer to house- or temple-building activities and give us an idea of these structures.