Different technology indicators in innovation of technology
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This para will tell you about some of the studies where attempts have been made to “measure” technological development for comparative purposes. Conceptual issues related to definition and measurement of “technology indicators” are presented here. The different indicators measure the different aspects of technology and consequently have different implication for policy issues at both macro and micro levels.
Three approaches to research on technology indicators have been identified. The first approach initiated by the Gellman Research Associates in the United States uses literature as the primary source for defining the population of innovations. The second approach used by the researchers at the University of Sussex uses a large panel of experts to define population of innovations. The third approach used in many countries in Europe relies on surveys of firms. Problems associated with each approach are discussed to show how they can affect the validity of the findings. Some of the key findings from these studies in different countries are presented to indicate their policy implications.
The identified indicators are categorized into company-specific and contextual dimensions (Becheikh et al., 2006). The specific dimensions are innovation culture, strategy, organizational structure, R&D input and activities, competence and knowledge, financial performance and environment, market, and network