Different types of bacteria involved in iron cycle
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The iron cycle (Fe) is the biogeochemical cycle of iron through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. While Fe is highly abundant in the Earth's crust,[10] it is less common in oxygenated surface waters. Iron is a key micronutrient in primary productivity,[11] and a limiting nutrient in High-Nutrient, Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean.[12] A critical component of the iron cycle is aeolian dust, which is transported from the Earth's land via the atmosphere to the ocean.
Iron exists in a range of oxidation states from -2 to +7; however, on Earth it is predominantly in its +2 or +3 redox state. The cycling of iron between its +2 and +3 oxidation states is referred to as the iron cycle. This process can be entirely abiotic or facilitated by microorganisms. Some examples of this include the rusting of iron-bearing metals (in this case, Fe2+ is abiotically oxidized to Fe3+) by oxygen, and the abiotic reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by iron-sulfide minerals or the biological cycling of Fe2+-oxidizing microbes.
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