Question

Different types of transition in organic molecules

Answer 1

$\huge\bold\red{ANSWER:-}$

Like atoms, due to different configurations of electrons, molecules display several energy levels. They are characterized by spin (singlet, doublet, triplet,...) and by an angular moment, or, more precisely, by Lz which is the projection of this moment parallel to the axis of the molecule which represents a special direction. The respective eigenvalues Λ are denoted with greek letters:

Λ ±1 ±2 ±3 ±4 ±5 ...

Term symbol Σ Π Δ Φ Γ ...

in analogy with S, P, D, F, G, ... to quantum numbers l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... for atoms. As a first approximation, we describe the energy of a diatomic molecule as a sum of electronic, vibrational and rotational energies

E = Eel + Evib + Erot

E = Te + ωe(v + ½) + BJ(J+1),

where Eel is the minimum of the potential curve. With an electronic transition taking place, all three addends may change. Note that ωe and B for the initial and final electronic state differ. The state of lower energy is doubly primed (v'', J''), the one of higher energy primed (v', J'). A transition corresponds with a difference in energy ΔE.

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