differentaite between acid and base(answer in long)
Answers
Answer:
1) An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ion (H+) as the only positive ion when mixed with water. A base is a substance that produces hydroxyl ion (OH–) as the only negative ion when mixed with water. An acid is a species that can release/donate a proton to another species.
2) Any compound with a pH value between zero to seven is considered acidic, whereas a pH value between seven to fourteen is a base. An acid is called a proton donor, while a base is called a proton acceptor (Kolb, 1978).
3) Acids
i) Acids are sour in taste.
ii) Acid turns blue litmus to red.
iii) Acid is a substance which contains hydrogen ion H+.
Bases
i) Bases are bitter in taste.
ii) Bases turn red litmus to blue.
iii) Bases are substances which contain hydroxyl ion OH−.
4) An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red and neutralizes bases. A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue or neutralizes acids. Salt is a neutral substance whose aqueous solution does not affect litmus.
5) Acids exist as solid, liquid, and gas-based on temperature. Bases usually exist in the solid-state except for ammonia which exists as a gas. Acids are sour in taste. Bases taste bitter
Difference Between Acids and bases:-
Acids :-
- Acids are sour in taste.
- Acids dissociate in water to give H+ ions.
- Acids turn blue litmus into red.
- Acids turn Methyl Orange solution into red.
- Phenolphthalein solution becomes colorless in acidic medium.
Bases:-
- Bases are bitter in taste.
- Bases dissociate in water to give OH- ions.
- Bases turn red litmus blue.
- Bases turn Methyl Orange solution into yellow.
- Phenolphthalein solution turns pink in basic medium.
More about Indicators:-
There are number of natural indicators which tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic.
Some of them are:-
- Turmeric powder - Turns red in basic medium but no change in acidic medium.
- Litmus - Turns red in acidic medium and blue in basic medium.
- Phenolphthalein solution - Becomes colorless in acidic medium and turns pink in basic medium.
There are some olfactory indicators too which help in indicating a substance to be acidic or basic in nature.
- Onion - No change in smell in acidic medium but becomes odourless in basic medium.
- Vanilla essence - No change in odour in acidic medium whereas becomes odourless in basic medium.
- Clove oil - No change in odour in acidic medium whereas becomes odourless in basic medium.