Differentiat between acid and base?
Answers
Explanation:
While learning the subject Chemistry, one would certainly come across words like acids and bases in particular. Acids may be defined as the compounds that donate an ion of hydrogen (H+) to another compound (usually called a base). Conventionally, an acid used to be known as the chemical compound that once dissolved in water, produces a solution that has a low activity of hydrogen ion than water in its purest form.
A base on the other hand which is soluble in nature is termed as an alkali. Liquids that are volatile (acids) once mixed with certain substances would produce salts. The produced salts would form a base that is concrete and thus they were termed as bases. Acids are usually H+ donors while Bases are H+ acceptors.
Acid and Base
Acid vs Base
To give you a more clear understanding of the differences between acids and bases here is a comparison chart that you can refer to.
Basis Acid Base
Definition An acid is any chemical compound once dissolved in water produces a solution with hydrogen ion activity more than purified water A base is an aqueous substance that could absorb hydrogen ions.
Strength Relies on the concentration of the hydronium ions Relies on the concentration of the hydroxide ions
Examples Acetic acid CH3COOH and sulphuric acid Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Ammonia
Characteristics (Physical) Would depend upon the temperature acids would look solid, liquid or in the form of gas. It would also have a sour taste. Bases would feel slippery and solid in nature (except for ammonia, which is gaseous). It would have a bitter taste.
Disassociation Acids would release hydrogen ions (h+) when mixed with water Bases would release hydroxide ions(OH-) when mixed with water
Test with Litmus Would turn litmus paper red Would turn litmus paper blue
Answer:
Explanation:
Acid
An acid is a molecule or substance that has a pH value less than 7.0 when it is present in an aqueous solution. An aqueous solution is any solution where water is a solvent. Acids are termed as compounds that donate H+ (hydrogen ion) to another compound known as base.
Base
A base (alkaline) is a molecule or substance that has a pH value higher than 7.0 when present in an aqueous solution. Bases are the exact chemical opposite of acids. In chemistry. They are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions.
Arrhenius Concept (Ouertatani et al, 2007)
Acids
As per Arrhenius Concept, an acid elevates the concentration of Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Bases
As per Arrhenius Concept, a base is a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) when dissolved in water.
Bronsted-Lowry Concept (Kauffman, 1988)
Acids
In the Bronsted-Lowry Concept, acids are substances which donate protons
Bases
Bases, on the other hand, are substances which accept protons
Lewis Concept (Brewer, 1984)
Acids
Ions that accept the pair of electrons (electron pair acceptor – an electrophile), and possess vacant orbitals are termed ‘Lewis acid’.
Bases
Ions that donate a pair of electrons (electron pair donor – a nucleophile), and possess a lone pair of electrons are termed ‘Lewis base’.
Difference in Classification
Acids
Acids are classified as:
》Strong acids, such as nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) respectively.
》Strong Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 (anhydrous aluminium chloride) and BF3 (boron trifluoride).
》Concentrated weak acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and formic acid (CH2O2).
》Lewis acids with specific reactivity, for example; solutions of ZnCl2 (zinc chloride).
》Superacids, which are extremely strong acids.
Bases
Bases are classified as:
》Alkalis or Caustics, such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide).
》Concentrated weak bases, such as NH3 (ammonia) in a concentrated solution.
》Alkali metals in metallic form, (i.e. elemental sodium), and hydrides of alkaline and alkali earth metals, i.e. NaH (sodium hydride), which function as a strong hydrate and bases to produce caustics.
》Superbases, which are extremely strong bases, such as metal amides, alkoxides, (i.e. NaNH2 – sodium amide) and C4H9Li (butyllithium), which is an organometallic base.
A plug key is an electrical component which acts like a switch. A small metallic key is provided which is inserted in a metallic base to switch on the circuit and if it is taken off from its base then the circuit get switched off.