Question

Differentiate between:
(a)Mitosis in animal cells and plant cells
(b) Mitosis and Meiosis
(c) Centrosome and Centromere
(d) Cytokinesis and Karyokinesis​

Answer 1

Answer:

a) Mitosis in Animal cell :-

1. The animal cells become rounded before cell division.

2. No specific hormone is identified which induces mitosis.

3. Centrosomes are formed

4. The mitotic apparatus contains asters.

5. Centrioles are present along with the mitotic spindle.

6. Spindle degenerates before the beginning of the cytoplasmic division.

7. Cytokinesis occurs through furrow formation

8. Occurs throughout the body.

9. Midbody appears.

Mitosis in Plant cell :-

1. 1. The shape of the plant cell does not change.

2. Cytokinins are the hormones which induce mitosis.

3. Centrosomes are not formed.

4. Mitotic apparatus lacks asters.

5. Centrioles are absent.

6. Spindle is present as phragmoplast during cytoplasmic division.

7. Cytokinesis occurs through the formation of cell plates.

8. Occurs in the meristems.

9. Midbody does not appear.

b) Meiosis :-

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Mitosis :-

Mitosis is the type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells each with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.

c) Centrosome :-

1. Pigments are absent

2. Helps in the formation of spindle fibre.

3. Composed of RNA and protein

4. Presence of centriole

Centromere :-

1. Presence of pigments

2. Helps the chromosomes to be attached to the spindle fibre.

3. Composed of DNA and protein

4. Absence of centriole

d) Karyokinesis is defined as the division of the nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle. It is the first step in M phase. This process does not depend on cytokinesis. It divides the genetic material equally. The daughter chromosome is separated into two daughter nuclei.

Cytokinesis, on the other hand, is defined as the division of the cytoplasm during the M phase of the cell cycle. It is the second step in M phase. This process cannot occur without karyokinesis. It is also the final stage of mitosis, where the cytoplasm and other cell organelles divides between the two daughter cells.

Explanation:

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