Question

Differentiate between acidic, basic and neutral salts.

Answer 1

Acids relaese hydrogen ions when dissolved in water .For eg. Nitric acid, sulphuric acid.

Bases release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. For example : sodium hydroxide , potassium hydroxide.

Salts are the compounds formed from acids and bases. For example : sodium chloride.

Answer 2

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Acids are classified as strong or weak acids based on the value of the equilibrium constant for Equation 1. Strong acids ionize

completely in aqueous solution. The value of the equilibrium constant for a strong acid is significantly greater than one

and Equation 1 is essentially irreversible—only H3O+ and A– will be present in the solution of a strong acid. There are six

common strong acids: HClO4, HI, HBr, HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3. The conjugate base of a strong acid is neutral.

In contrast to strong acids, weak acids ionize only partially in aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant for a weak acid is

much less than one and Equation 1 is reversible—both HA and A– will be present in the solution of a weak acid. The conjugate

base of a weak acid is basic. An example of the conjugate base of a weak acid is acetate ion (Equation 2). The acetate ion is

basic, and the pH of a solution of sodium acetate is approximately 8.

CH3CO2H + H2O ←→ CH3CO2

– + H3O+ Equation 2

Weak acid – acetic acid Conjugate base – acetate ion

A Brönsted base is a hydrogen ion acceptor. When a base dissolves in water, it removes hydrogen ions (H+) from water

molecules to form OH– ions. The general form of this reaction is shown in Equation 3, where B is a parent base and HB+

its conjugate acid after accepting a hydrogen ion from water.

B(aq) + H2O(aq) ←→ BH+(aq) + OH–(aq) Equation 3

Strong bases ionize completely in aqueous solution to produce OH– ions, and their ionization reactions are irreversible.

Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2, are considered strong bases. The conjugate

acid of a strong base is neutral. All other bases are weak bases—they are only partially ionized in aqueous solution, and

both B and BH+ will be present in the solution of a weak base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is acidic. An example of salt

containing the conjugate acid of a weak base is ammonium chloride (Equation 4). The ammonium ion is acidic, and the pH

of a solution of ammonium chloride is approximately 5.

NH3(aq) + H2O(aq) ←→ NH4

+(aq) + OH–(aq) Equation 4

Weak base – ammonia Conjugate acid – ammonium ion

Any salt can be written as the product of the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. The acid–base properties of a salt

can be predicted by writing the formulas and analyzing the strength of the parent acid and base that can be used to make

the salt. Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral salt. Neutralization of a strong acid with a weak

base gives an acidic salt, while neutralization of a weak acid with a strong base gives a basic salt.

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