Differentiate between Acids and Bases in a tabular manner. Name any two common acids
and bases that you see at home.
Answers
Answer:
Properties of Acids are as Follows:
Acids conduct electricity (i.e. they are electrolytes)
They turn blue litmus to red
Most of the acids are solid
It has a sour taste
They produce hydrogen after reacting with active metals like zinc, magnesium, aluminum or iron.
Acids have a low pH value i.e. below 7.
Salts and water are produced when an acid reacts with base or alkalis.
Most of the acids are solids.
Some of the acids can be said corrosive in nature.
Weak and more volatile acids are replaced by strong and less volatile acids from their salts.
Types of Acids are as Follows:
Strong acids completely dissociate ions in water while weak acids partly dissociate ions in water. Acids are divided into 2 types based on the ion dissociation in water, i.e. strong acids and weak acids as stated below:-
1. Strong Acids- A strong acid completely dissociates ions in water. There are only 6 strong acids which are as follows:
HCL (hydrochloric acid)
HNO₃ (nitric acid)
HBr (hydrobromic acid)
HI (hydroiodic acid)
HClO₄ (perchloric acid)
HClO₃
Acid and base are the form of chemicals which plays a vital role in chemistry and are readily available in our daily life. Examples of acids include citric acid and lactic acid present in lemons and in dairy respectively. Some examples of bases include cleaning products like bleach and ammonia. Just about every liquid that we can think about in our day-to-day life are acid or base with the exception of water. Acid and base definition was evolved with the time through 3 sets of theories, which includes Arrhenius, Brønsted and Lewis theories. The substances which act as both acids and base are called as Amphoterism, water is the most common example of amphoterism, as it acts like both acid and base.
What is Acid?
According to Arrhenius, a substance can be said acid if they ionize or break-off in an aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (H+ ions), this type of classification of acids can work for aqueous solutions. The limitation of this type of classification is that when both acids and bases react with each other then they will get neutralized as hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water.
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H₂O (l)
According to Brønsted theory, a substance is said to be acid if they are donating a proton (Hydrogen ion donor). Brønsted did not go against the theory of Arrhenius, he just added to it. A compound that donates H+ ions is called as Brønsted-Lowry acid including typical acids, plus amines, and alcohol. This Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is the best definition acid can get.
According to Lewis theory, a substance is said to be acid if they are accepting electrons from the other substance included in the reaction. The outer shell of the acids gets complete after accepting the electron-pairs in their valence shell. There is no change in the oxidation state of the reaction including acids.
Properties of Acids are as Follows:
Acids conduct electricity (i.e. they are electrolytes)
They turn blue litmus to red
Most of the acids are solid
It has a sour taste
They produce hydrogen after reacting with active metals like zinc, magnesium, aluminum or iron.
Acids have a low pH value i.e. below 7.
Salts and water are produced when an acid reacts with base or alkalis.
Most of the acids are solids.
Some of the acids can be said corrosive in nature.
Weak and more volatile acids are replaced by strong and less volatile acids from their salts.
There are only 6 strong acids which are as follows:
HCL (hydrochloric acid)
HNO₃ (nitric acid)
HBr (hydrobromic acid)
HI (hydroiodic acid)
HClO₄ (perchloric acid)
HClO₃ (chloric acid)
Properties of Base can be Listed as Follows:
A base solution has pH balance more than 7.
Bases have a bitter flavour so never try to taste it.
When an aqueous base solution or molten bases solution is dissociated into ions they conduct electricity.
Strong base reacts vigorously with acids and organic matter because these bases are caustic.
Bases react in correct way with pH indicators. It turns litmus paper blue, methyl orange yellow and phenolphthalein pink whereas Bromothymol blue remains blue in the presence of a base.
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