Differentiate between Bolshevik and socialist revolutionaries.
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Answer:
What was the difference between the Bolsheviks and the social revolutionary?
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The Socialist Revolutionaries were the largest political party in Russia at the time. They had grown out of a number of revolutionary streams but had their roots in the peasant-oriented Narodnik movement.
The SRs were not a Marxist party, although they became strongly influenced by Marx, and their socialism was largely a domestic Russian product. It blended Marxist, anarchist and Narodnik ideas together and was more interested, at least originally, in the peasants rather than the industrial workers.
The party after 1905, split into two factions; the Right SRs and the Left SRs. The Left was more revolutionary and radical in its vision, the Right was more moderate and willing to pursue liberal, reformist policies.
When the February Revolution overthrew the Tsar in 1917, the Provisional Government was led by the Right SR Alexander Kerensky. Kerensky’s intention was to build a kind of social democracy, in which both liberal and bourgeois forces and institutions and socialist worker institutions would coexist in a kind of balance of power.
Kerensky had the, in hindsight very naive, attitude that there could be “no enemies to the Left” and allowed the Bolsheviks full rights to organize.
As a result, they overthrew him and the entire provisional government.
The SR party, both the Right and Left wings, cooperated with the broader Left. The Right also supported and worked with the bourgeois parties, whereas the Left did not and instead focused on collaboration with the Left Mensheviks, anarchists and Bolsheviks.
The policy that truly split the Left wings of the socialist movement from the Right was the issue of the war. The Right factions (Socialist Revolutionary and Menshevik) believed that Russia had to continue fighting WW1, whereas all of the Left parties demanded that Russia immediately cease the war effort and make peace with the Central Powers. The war was extremely unpopular with the people and the Provisional Government’s insistence on continuing to fight made them unpopular.
The Bolsheviks led the “peace” camp and were willing even to make a humiliating settlement with the Germans (on the grounds that global revolution would soon fix everything anyway). The Left SRs and Left Mensheviks also supported this policy and, in fact, had more popular support than the Bolsheviks did.
When the Bolsheviks took power in October 1917, they banned all opposition parties and the SRs and Mensheviks had to either abandon independent political activity or join the Bolsheviks. Many fled to the West where they remained active in the non-communist Left and the left-wing movement against Bolshevism.
Answer:
The Socialist Revolutionaries were the largest political party in Russia at the time. They had grown out of a number of revolutionary streams but had their roots in the peasant-oriented Narodnik movement.
The SRs were not a Marxist party, although they became strongly influenced by Marx, and their socialism was largely a domestic Russian product. It blended Marxist, anarchist and Narodnik ideas together and was more interested, at least originally, in the peasants rather than the industrial workers.
The party after 1905, split into two factions; the Right SRs and the Left SRs. The Left was more revolutionary and radical in its vision, the Right was more moderate and willing to pursue liberal, reformist policies.
When the February Revolution overthrew the Tsar in 1917, the Provisional Government was led by the Right SR Alexander Kerensky. Kerensky’s intention was to build a kind of social democracy, in which both liberal and bourgeois forces and institutions and socialist worker institutions would coexist in a kind of balance of power.
Kerensky had the, in hindsight very naive, attitude that there could be “no enemies to the Left” and allowed the Bolsheviks full rights to organize.
As a result, they overthrew him and the entire provisional government.
The SR party, both the Right and Left wings, cooperated with the broader Left. The Right also supported and worked with the bourgeois parties, whereas the Left did not and instead focused on collaboration with the Left Mensheviks, anarchists and Bolsheviks.
The policy that truly split the Left wings of the socialist movement from the Right was the issue of the war. The Right factions (Socialist Revolutionary and Menshevik) believed that Russia had to continue fighting WW1, whereas all of the Left parties demanded that Russia immediately cease the war effort and make peace with the Central Powers. The war was extremely unpopular with the people and the Provisional Government’s insistence on continuing to fight made them unpopular.
The Bolsheviks led the “peace” camp and were willing even to make a humiliating settlement with the Germans (on the grounds that global revolution would soon fix everything anyway). The Left SRs and Left Mensheviks also supported this policy and, in fact, had more popular support than the Bolsheviks did.
When the Bolsheviks took power in October 1917, they banned all opposition parties and the SRs and Mensheviks had to either abandon independent political activity or join the Bolsheviks. Many fled to the West where they remained active in the non-communist Left and the left-wing movement against Bolshevism.