Question

differentiate between differentiation, redifferentiation and dedifferentiation.

Answer 1

The cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This act leading to maturation is termed as differentiation. During differentiation, cells undergo few to major structural changes both in their cell walls and protoplasm. For example, to form a tracheary element, the cells would lose their protoplasm. They also develops a very strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls, to carry water to long distances even under extreme tension. Try to correlate the various anatomical features you encounter in plants to the functions they perform.
Plants show another interesting phenomenon. The living differentiated cells, that by now have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation. For example, formation of meristems – interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells. While doing so, such meristems / tissues are able to divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions, i.e., get redifferentiated.

Answer 2

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♀️Differentiation:

•Differentiation is when the cells have stopped dividing and are beginning to mature and perform special functions.

•For example, to form tracheids (elongated cells that carry water in the xylem), the cells lose their protoplasm. They also develop strong, elastic cell walls to carry water across long distances.

♀️Dedifferentiation:

•Dedifferentiation is the phenomenon where differentiated cells that have lost their ability to divide, regain the capacity to divide under specific conditions.

•Example – fully differentiated parenchyma cells can go back to their earlier meristem form and divide.

♀️Redifferentiation:

•Redifferentiation is the phenomenon where dedifferentiated cells divide and once again produce cells that can no longer divide but mature to perform specific functions.

•Example – the meristems obtained after dedifferentiation (described above) can divide and again produce cells that stop dividing but go on to mature.

•Just like growth, differentiation in plants is also open.

•This is because cells that arise from the same meristem have different structures once they have matured.

•Also, the final structure of the cells at maturity is dependent on the location of the cell.

•For example, cells that are away from the root apical meristem become root caps, whereas cells pushed to the periphery become epidermis.

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