Differentiate between graphite and diamond
Answers
Diamond and graphite are both giant covalent substances made entirely of carbon atoms. Both have chemical formula , but they do not have a molecular formula.
Molecular structure
Diamond: Giant covalent structure, with each carbon covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement to form a rigid structure.
Graphite: It is also Giant covalent structure, with each carbon covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement.
Hardness
Diamond: Extremely hard. Due to rigid, tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms.
Graphite: Soft. Layers of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms can slide over one another.
Electrical conductivity
Diamond: Insulator. Mobile electrons are absent. All four valence electrons are used in covalent bonds.
Graphite: Conductor. Three out of four valence electrons are used for covalent bonding with other carbon atoms. Remaining valence electrons can be delocalised across the planes of carbon atoms.
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Differentiate between graphite and diamond:
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. These have different chemical and physical properties. The main difference between diamond and graphite is that diamond is made out of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms whereas graphite is made out of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms.