Question

differentiate between Mahalwari system and permanent settlement

Answer 1

Hlo friend, here is your answer.

Mahalwari System -

It was introduced in 1822 in Gangetic Valley, North - West provinces, Central India and Punjab. In this system, a settlement was made collectively, with a group of villages called mahal. Since, the land, the forests and the pastures belonged to the village community, the villages were jointly responsible for the payment of land revenue. It was levied on the produce of a mahal.

The Mahalwari System proved to be a curse for the peasants in the form of impoverishment, eviction from land and exploitation at the hands of the moneylenders. The widespread resentment among the farmers of North India between 1830 - 40 was one of the causes of the revolt of 1857. The Mahalwari System was a modified version of Zamindari System.


Permanent Settlement -

Zamindari was made a hereditary rights of the zamindars under the Permanent Settlement or the Zamindari Bandobast. They were made the owners of the land and forced to pay 89 % of the total revenue to the British Government. Their own share was 11 %.

The system gave birth to a new class of landlords called zamindars who had the power to evict any cultivator of the soil due to non - payment of revenue. As such, they used oppressive methods to collect the taxes. The position of cultivators became miserable. On the other hand, maximum benefit went to the zamindar.



Hope it helps you.
With regards@
Tanisha