Differentiate between Mass and Weight, Gravitational Constant and Acceleration due to gravitation, Potential and Kinetic energy. State laws of gravitation and Laws of conservation of energy.
Answers
We all know instinctively that a heavy weight raised above someone's head represents a potentially dangerous situation. The weight may be well secured, so it is not necessarily dangerous. Our concern is that whatever is providing the force to secure the weight against gravity might fail. To use correct physics terminology, we are concerned about the gravitational potential energy of the weight.
All conservative forces have potential energy associated with them. The force of gravity is no exception. Gravitational potential energy is usually given the symbol U_gUg. It represents the potential an object has to do work as a result of being located at a particular position in a gravitational field.
Consider an object of mass mm being lifted through a height hh against the force of gravity as shown below. The object is lifted vertically by a pulley and rope, so the force due to lifting the box and the force due to gravity, F_gFg, are parallel. If gg is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration, we can find the work done by the force on the weight by multiplying the magnitude of the force of gravity, F_gFg, times the vertical distance, hh, it has moved through. This assumes the gravitational acceleration is constant over the height hh.