Question

Differentiate between parabiotic and pathogenic bacteria

Answer 1

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In contrast to the probiotic ones, these cause harm to the organism in which they reside. They are more harmful and it even causes misfunctioning or damage to the organs of their host.

Answer 2

Answer:

Probiotic supplements support the host to maintain and sustain normal physiological activities, without which an individual might encounter problems (especially that involves the site where normal flora are localized to in the body, which most often happens to be the gut). Probiotic bacteria produce several chemical substances, especially bacteriocins, prodigiousness, enzymes and toxic metabolites that are detrimental to disease causing pathogenic bacteria, and some even produce vitamin K that a normal human cannot produce, which is absolutely required for blood-clotting. When we drink probiotic supplements, the bacteria present in it ‘encroach' the entire gut lumen forming an envelope on the gut surface giving ‘no access' for transient pathogens to localize the gut thereby preventing serious infections from getting established in the host, for instance, cholera, typhoid etc. During prolonged (or indiscriminate) antibiotic usage, the normal flora gets depleted, eventually compromising the number of normal gut flora paving way for the colonization of pathogens, say for instance, Clostridium difficile and Entamoeba histolytica (a protozoan parasite)! Boosting gut flora by administering probiotic cultures (or faecal transplantation) will restore the indigenous flora bringing back the gut health to normalcy. Recent evidence suggests that mental health is determined by chemical signals generated by firmicutes, a class of gut bacteria that rely on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) present in fibrous diet (prebiotics)! It means ‘more fibrous food', ‘more firmicutes' and eventually ‘good mood'! Junk foods are devoid of SCFA, which deprives firmicutes and therefore poor levels of chemicals are released by firmicutes, which drastically compromises mental health. And, many many mechanisms that I can't just write here due to lack of time...

Explanation: