Question

Differentiate between permanent settlement and the ryotwari settlement.

Answer 1

Explanation:

In the Permanent Settlement, the taluqdars were the owners of the land. They paid a fixed rent to the Company. They distributed their land among the peasants. They earned the desired interest from them. In other words, the Permanent Settlement benefitted most the rich Zamindars. They had to pay the revenue that was fixed in perpetuity. The state was unable to claim its share in the enhanced income of the farmers. On the contary, under the Ryotwari system, the government got tax from those who cultivated lands with their own hands.

Under the Ryotwari system, all the middlement were removed. This system was better than the Permanent Settlement of revenue. It increased the rights of the farmers. It also increased the income of the state. Infact the Ryotwari Settlement was introduced to alleviate the drawbacks of the Permanet Settlement

Answer 2

Answer:

• Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras in 1820, established the Ryotwari system of land tax in the late 18th century.
• This was done throughout the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as the provinces of Assam and Coorg.
• Mahalwari is a Mahalwari system.
• Holt Mackenzie introduced the Mahalwari system in 1822, and Lord William Bentinck revised it in 1833.
• North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, and other areas adopted this approach.

Explanation:

The taluqdars were the landowners in the Permanent Settlement. The Company received a fixed rent from them. Their land was divided among the peasants. They were able to pique their curiosity. To put it another way, the Permanent Settlement benefited the wealthy Zamindars the most. They had to pay a set amount of money every year. The state was unable to claim its part of the farmers' increased income. On the other hand, under the Ryotwari system, the government received a levy from individuals who farmed their own land.

All intermediaries were removed under the Ryotwari method. This arrangement was superior to the Permanent Revenue Settlement. Farmers' rights were strengthened. It also increased the state's revenue.  Infact the Ryotwari Settlement was introduced to alleviate the drawbacks of the Permanet Settlement.