Question

differentiate between prothallus and protonema

Answer 1

protonema is the first stage of bryopsida
prothallus is stage of pteridophytes

prothallus is heart shaped which is monoecious  structure
protonema is thread like structure

protonema is formed by germination of spores
prothallus is formed by already germinated spores

Answer 2

1.Protonema is filamentous leafy green colored structure whereas prothallus is a flat green heart shaped structure.
2.Protonema is formed as a result of the germination of the spores whereas prothallus is formed from an already germinated spores.
3.Protonema is the first stage of development in moss like plants whereas prothallus is the gametophyte of fern like pteridophytes.
4.Protonema develops into a leafy gametophore whereas prothallus develops to give rise to sex organs.